gopher://Gopher.UH.EDU:70/00/campus-info/KUHF%20Radio/The%20Engines%20of%20our%20Ingenuity/Contents/Full%20Contents%20List *********** CONTENTS of THE ENGINES OF OUR INGENUITY ******************* ABOUT. A brief statement about The Engines of Our Ingenuity 1. Oliver Evans and an early American steam powered amphibian [steamboat, transportation, steam engine, auto, Oructor] 2. The Jacquard loom and the invention of the computer [weaving, Babbage, cards, textile] 3. The monk who flew in 1005 AD [flight, medieval, Firnas, glider, Benedictine, airplane] 4. Benjamin Thompson/Count Rumford and the conservation of energy [heat, American Revolution, Lavoisier, thermodynamics] 5. The pendulum clock escapement and the merger of science and technology [Bacon, Galileo, Huyghens, Hooke, science] 6. Jouffroy: one of the first successful steamboat makers. [Newcomen, France, d'Auxiron, transportation] 7. Fokker and the machine gun interrupter mechanism [flight, war, WW-1, airplane] 8. Pittsburgh in 1816 [steamboat, iron, coal, industry, glass,] 9. The Cistercian order and power technology [Benedictines, water wheels, factory, religion, White] 10. The Medieval character of the wild West [America, saddle, whiskey, log cabin, cowboy, White] 11. Electric lights in the 80 years before Edison [arc light, incandescent, Grove, Swan, Davy, de la Rue] 12. A definition of the words: science, technology, and engineering [techni, ingenuity] 13. Dionysius Lardner and early steam power technology [handbook, conservation, coal, ecology, pyramids, environment] 14. John Fitch and the first commercially successful steamboat [Fulton, Watt, Rumsey, Philadelphia, gun, Kentucky] 15. Early inventions of the electric telegraph [Morse, electrostatic, Watson, LeSage] 16. Homo Technologicus [techni, technology, anthropology, tools] 17. Marc Isambard Brunel and his son, Isambard Kingdom Brunel [Great Eastern, tunnel, Great Western, materialism] 18. How some contemporary poets saw the Industrial Revolution [Shelley, Blake, Burns, Scott, literature] 19. The Crystal Palace and the great 1851 exhibition [Paxton, Queen Victoria, Brunel, design, architecture] 20. Genetic mutations of wheat and the invention of farming [emmer, anthropology, agriculture, genetics, grain, biology, mutation] 21. Santos-Dumont, Zeppelin, and the great airships [Giffard, dirigible, balloons, flight, airplane] 22. The first American iron production in Saugus, Mass. [nails, smelting, mill, forge, wrought iron, Colonial] 23. The light bulb and the vacuum tube [Edison effect, Fleming, telegraphy, radio tube] 24. The wheel: a very difficult concept [crank, rotational motion, invention] 25. NASA's "crawler transporter," the world's largest land transportation vehicle [space, NASA, tracked vehicle] 26. Three-field crop rotation and the origins of Western technology [agriculture, grain, protein, horse, ox, plow, White] 27. Vannevar Bush and the great Rockefeller Differential Analyzer [analog, digital, computer] 28. The first American steam engine [Hornblower, Schuyler, Adams, Colonial America, Franklin] 29. The Windmill: A device that has come, gone, and may come again [Cervantes, Quixote, power, propeller, Watt] 30. Colonial America, 1776: A new nation of glorious amateurs [Fitch, Barlow, Jefferson, Monticello, Franklin] 31. The century-long retention of masts and sails on steamships [Savannah, Great Western, Monitor, Merrimac, transportation] 32. The Wright brothers battle for priority over Langley [Aerodrome, Walcott, Curtiss, Abott, NASA, flight] 33. Perpetua Mobile and the Medieval mind [perpetual motion, Bhaskara, power, machine] 34. The Douglas DC-3: an airplane for all seasons [transportation, [flight, Rockne, Fokker triplane, DC-1, DC-2, Shang-Ri-La] 35. Does war influence technological evolution? Some surprising facts [airplane, speed, production, invention] 36. The Erie Canal [transportation, Great Lakes, Buffalo, Hudson, Niagara, Jefferson, Gallatin, Clinton] 37. The first twenty years of transatlantic flights [Zeppelin [Lindbergh, Alcock, Brown, Ortieg, transportation, Ryan] 38. The development of the seemingly uncomplicated window pane [soda-lime, Alexandria, stained glass, crown glass, plate glass] 39. Balloonist Jean-Pierre Blanchard, the first barnstormer [flight, [Franklin, transportation, Jeffries, Washington, Philadelphia] 40. The invention of money -- an abstraction of goods and services [talent, trade, coin, notes, computers, exchange, anthropology] 41. Frankenstein -- the monster of our obsessiveness [Shelley, Byron, Lardner, literature, Romantic, Wollstonecraft] 42. Our radar warning of the Pearl Harbor attack [communications, war, Hulsmeyer] 43. Vespucci and the naming of America [Columbus, Waldseemuller, exploration, geography, transportation] 44. The invention of the parachute [Leonardo da Vinci, flight, Lenormand, Renaissance] 45. Fahrenheit and thermometry [heat, science, Newton] 46. The clock as preparation for modern science [Baroque, feedback, art] 47. Moment of inertia and satellite stability [Landon, Sputnik, Explorer, space, NASA, Bracewell, failure, RCA] 48. The lowly, but not-so-simple, dressmaker's pin [clothing, Cowper, Smith, robot, mass production, machine] 49. Some technology that we don't see when we first look [horn, gears, 3-M, invention] 50. Mark Twain and the Paige Compositor [Linotype, design, machine, Merganthaler, production, printing, function] 51. A short discourse on tunneling [Whittier, aqueduct, canals, railroads, transportation, Hoosac, Brunel] 52. Man the measure -- man the meter [folklore, units, Watt, temperature, power, length] 53. Technology in Alexandria, ca. 200 BC [Alexander, Euclid, Hellenistic, Archimedes, Ptolemy, feedback, water clock] 54. O'Shaughnessy and the Indian telegraph system [Morse, Crimean war, Sepoy, communication, electricity] 55. How we name our machines [flight, airplane, refrigerator, engine, machine, computer, steam engine, automobile] 56. An encounter with Einstein [science] 57. Ceremony in the manufacture of a Samurai sword [metallurgy, standards, forging, iron, steel] 58. Crossing the English Channel without ships [flight, tunnel, Gossamer Albatross, Kremer prize] 59. The transatlantic telegraph cable [Field, Gisborne, Great Eastern, Queen Victoria, Buchanan, communication] 60. A critique of Bushnell's invention of the submarine [Turtle, Hopkinson, transportation, war, Colonial America] 61. The skyscraper and the great Chicago fire [elevator, steel, Chicago, design, iron] 62. Joseph Stalin and Russian aircraft records in the 1930's [flight, Tupolev, records, war] 63. Some thoughts about engineering systems [design] 64. Rudolf Diesel and his wonderful engine [engine, power, priority, internal combustion] 65. Some summary thoughts after the first 64 episodes [Einstein, Edison, education] 66. Technologies that put an end to record-setting [speed, aircraft, microwave, transportation] 67. The story of a failed airplane design -- the XP-75 [design, Ford, Berlin, General Motors, Loren, flight] 68. A question of size -- some notions about scale [dimensional analysis, similitude] 69. Steam engines in England during the 18th century [Watt, Savery, Newcomen, power, England] 70. Some thoughts on fame and fortune in technology [Bible, Quixote, invention, Boelter] 71. The Guillotine and the democratization of death [execution, France, Rumford, Lavoisier, death] 72. The invisible invention of the clock [water clock, Honnecourt, di Dondi, time] 73. The tragic tale of Evariste Galois [Napoleon, Ecole, algebra, group theory, mathematics] 74. Germs and the Broad Street Well [Snow, Koch, Lister, cholera, medicine, disease] 75. On the rediscovery of lighter-than-air flight [dirigible, Zeppelin, flight, aircraft, blimp, Hindenberg, transportation] 76. The alchemists and chemistry before the middle 19th century [Aristotle, caloric, phlogiston, science] 77. Napoleon Bonaparte and iron construction in France [Ecole, bridges, Eiffel, monuments] 78. The development of the bicycle [automobile, Macmillan, hobbyhorse, transportation] 79. A horseless carriage offered to Anne Boleyn [England, automobile, power] 80. On the absence of women in the history of technology [Cowan, Pursell, Masters, engineering] 81. Two unsinkable ships: the Titanic and the Great Eastern [Brunel, accidents, safety, invention] 82. Late 18th century competition among roads, canals and railways [transportation, power, mines, mining] 83. Alfred Ely Beach's secret subway [Tammany, Scientific American, New York, Tweed, transportation] 84. Thomas Sopwith's hundredth birthday [flight, von Richtofen, transportation, war, aircraft] 85. The development of the helicopter [Forlanini, da Vinci, aircraft, flight, transportation, Sikorsky, Cornu, autogyro] 86. The discovery of oxygen and scientific revolution [Priestley, Lavoisier, Scheele, Kuhn, Dalton, chemistry] 87. John and Washington Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge [Hegel, suspension bridge, construction] 88. A concern about computers and the redefinition of reality [computer graphics, Torrance, movie] 89. On saying goodbye to lighthouses and cabooses [obsolete, obsolescence] 90. Georg Cantor, the man who counted beyond infinity [mathematics, set theory, science, infinity] 91. Liberty ships: an amateur takes over the trade [transportation, war, construction, design, Kaiser] 92. Occam's razor and engineering design [Shakers] 93. Teaching the American public to use the telephone [Bell, telegraph, communication] 94. The Black boxing of technology [education, invention] 95. On superconductors and steamboats [Chu, invention, science, electricity, Fulton] 96. Streamlining the American public [design, automobile, airfoil] 97. Medieval masons and their cathedrals [medieval, stone, construction] 98. George Everett Hale and BIG telescopes [Palomar, optical, optics, astronomy] 99. The hourglass: the poor man's clock, the poor man's metaphor [timekeeping, Renaissance] 100. The invention and selling of the typewriter [communication, Monaco, Remington, business] 101. Interchangeable parts [design, manufacture, Franklin, Gutenberg, Whitney, guns, Ford] 102. Lord Byron's daughter, first computer programmer [Babbage, Ada, analytical engine, literature, women] 103. Covering up Soviet technological disasters [Russia, flight, safety] 104. Baroque violins, ice cream, and DC-3's [design, flight, music] 105. Eighteenth century water wheel technology [power, Pompadour, de Parcieux, turbine, Smeaton] 106. Stability: not always a virtue [design, flight, aircraft, mechanics] 107. The wind and its technologies in the ancient mind [literature] 108. Trench warfare and the technology of war [Tuchman, guns, automatic weapons, Maginot] 109. High-pressure steam engines and transportation [railroad, Watt, Cugnot, Trevithick, power] 110. Nevil Shute: engineer and author [literature, airplanes] 111. Topsell's history of four-footed beasts and serpents [zoology, printing] 112. The failure of the Comet jet-liner, and Nevil Shute's anticipation of it. [literature, airplanes, safety, design] 113. Galileo, Torricelli, and von Guericke; and the idea of a vacuum [Savery, Magdeburg, pumps, power, steam engine] 114. The brief day of the great flying boats [flight, transportation, Martin, Hughes, seaplanes] 115. Guido da Vigevano's handbook for a crusader [war, medieval, design, invention] 116. Ceredi's re-invention of Archimedes' pump [invention, Galileo, Aristotle, philosophy] 117. The Korean "Turtle Boat" -- the first ironclad [war, Japan, naval, navy, design] 118. The English and 18th century ballooning [England, Lunardi, flight, transportation, invention] 119. J. Willard Gibbs, America's greatest scientist [science, thermodynamics, Yale, physics] 120. Su-Sung's wonderful 11th century water clock [China, timekeeping, escapement] 121. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and time's arrow [LaChatelier, Braun, entropy] 122. Diderot's Encyclopedie and the French revolution [dictionary, encyclopedia, France, literature] 123. Recovering from the Black Death [disease, medicine, Renaissance, printing, timekeeping] 124. The camera obscura, waiting for someone to provide the film [photography, France, lithography, Kepler, Niepce] 125. On finding the first internal combustion-engine driven auto [Benz, de Rochas, Marcus, invention, transportation] 126. Some thoughts on liability and reasonable risk [safety, Hamurabi, nuclear] 127. Black American inventors before the Civil War [McCormick, Whitney, cotton gin, reaper, Davis, Blair] 128. The Liberty Bell [American Revolution, metallurgy, casting] 129. The mad scientist -- an unshakable image [Frankenstein, Faust, Marlowe, Shelley, literature] 130. Urban archaeology provides a window to the past [anthropology, Brown, Ashton villa, Galveston, mansion] 131. Henry Adams ponders the Virgin and the Dynamo [science, medieval, Langley, exhibition] 132. The Kansas City, Hyatt-Regency skywalk failure [safety, design] 133. How the 1903 Cadillac brought American cars to England [automobile, transportation, interchangeable] 134. A ghostly Japanese navy at the bottom of Truk Lagoon [war, shipwrecks] 135. On learning to use coal [power, metallurgy, wood] 136. Herbert Hoover: Humanitarian and Engineer [Stanford, mining, geology] 137. Music-making: the first human technology [Bible, art, anthropology, Shakespeare, Stevens] 138. Albrecht Durer: Germany's answer to Leonardo [printing, perspective, geometry, engraving, art, Renaissance] 139. Herbert and Lou Hoover meet Georgius Agricola [Stanford, mining, geology, metallurgy, Renaissance, women] 140. Technological half-truths and technical literacy [heat, thermodynamics] 141. Benjamin Franklin's experiments in heat transfer [thermodynamics, light, science, radiation] 143. Max Jakob: a breath of fresh air in a new land [war, Einstein, heat transfer, science, Germany] 142. L.M.K. Boelter: A great engineering educator. [heat transfer, education] 144. Lord Kelvin's miscalculation of the age of the earth [Bible, science, heat transfer, Fourier, Darwin, Heaviside] 145. General Electric and the product-driven innovation cycle [design, manufacturing, Langmuir, electric light bulb] 146. Garrett A. Morgan: a Black American inventor [traffic, safety] 147. Hydrogen, hot air balloons, 19th century chemistry [science, Montgolfier, Charles, phlogiston, flight, transportation] 148. Continuous-aim firing: a diagnosis of an ill-received idea [navy, war, design, invention, guns] 149. Thoughts on the extent of technological change in one generation 150. Are we alone in the universe? [astronomy, Spielberg, Sagan, radio telescopes] 151. Rediscovering the sunken Union Monitor [Civil War, Merrimac, navy, gun turret, shipwrecks] 152. John Atanasoff's invention of the digital computer [Sperry, design, Honeywell, Mauchly, ENIAC] 153. Flying the Aegean Sea in Daedalus' slipstream [flight, transportation, MIT, design, Greece] 154. Charles Richard Drew and the development of blood banks [Black, plasma, medicine] 155. Some musings on the nature of experimental proofs [science, Fresnel, Poisson] 156. Robert Fulton's last ship, the Steam Battery catamaran [navy, war, invention, design, propeller] 157. Thomas Crapper: The man who didn't invent the flush toilet [valve] 158. Lewis Latimer, a Black pioneer of electric lighting [Edison, Maxim, Bell] 159. Lowell, Massachusetts: a "Utopian" industrial city [textile mills] 160. The first Red Cross Ambulance [medicine, war, Red Cross, Solferino, Dunant, Barton] 161. The Indian canoe -- a perfected technology [design, boat, transportation] 162. Otto Lilienthal and Orville Wright -- one died and the other lived [flight, gliders, Chanute] 163. Numismatics -- coins as an historical record [anthropology, money] 164. Computers and the human mind [neural network] 165. Changes in hand-tools for wood-working, through the Industrial Revolution 166. Galileo's experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa [science, Aristotle, mechanics] 167. The sewing machine in American life [Singer, Willcox-Gibbs, Saint, design] 168. The Lunar Society and 18th century revolution [Darwin, Watt, Priestley, Boulton, Wedgwood, Herschel, Smeaton] 169. Some trivia in the history of technology and its implication [velcro, valves, Joule] 170. Technologies of the Texas Republic [medicine] 171. Electric power comes to Telluride, Colorado [generator, Edison, Pelton, mining] 172. Herbert J.L. Hinkler, Australian an almost-hero of aviation [flight, transportation, Australia] 173. On being shaped by a new computer -- or by any new technology 174. Nikola Tesla -- another sort of creative mind [Yugoslavia, Edison, Westinghouse, electricity, Rayleigh] 175. Some 2500 year old Chinese bells harbor a secret [music, anthropology, acoustics] 176. On wanting to build my own crystal set [radio, communication, Marconi] 177. Two wealthy men: Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller [iron, steel, oil, business, money, industry] 178. Reflections on growing up in the media [radio, communication, war] 179. On the Invention of the electric chair [death, Tesla, Edison, Faust, electricity] 180. Figuring out the value of Pi [mathematics, Bible] 181. The Industrial Revolution comes to America [Evans, Crystal Palace, millwright, industry] 182. Black and White in pre-revolutionary Virginia [Jefferson, religion] 183. Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton, and a change in science [Bacon, Pope, Royal Society] 184. Count von Zeppelin learns about flying in St. Paul, Minnesota [balloons, dirigible, Hindenberg, flight, transportation] 185. Justus Liebig and the first research laboratory [Gay-Lussac, dye, chemistry, Edison, benzene, aniline] 186. Fourier, Egypt, and modern applied mathematics [science, heat transfer, Napoleon, France] 187. In which I learn that technology is communication [design] 188. We build a dirigible to get to the gold rush [America, Giffard, balloon, transportation, flight, Porter] 189. The two Eiffel towers [Statue of Liberty, France, construction, Iron] 190. The secret dome of St. Paul's Cathedral in London [Wren, construction, design, architecture] 191. Hoover Dam: "Replenish the earth and subdue it." [water management, mead, power, hydroelectric] 192. John Tyndall: measuring sound without electronics [Spenser, music, science, flames] 193. A picture of New York Harbor painted in 1852 [artist, Lane, ships, steamboats, transportation, Gold Rush] 194. On being reasonable: a repudiation of common sense [Gilbert, invention] 195. "Radio Days" -- a tribute to early radio [Wells, radio tubes, Hindenberg, communication, media] 196. A visit to the art museum -- artists and technology [Remington, art, sculpture, modern art] 197. The Holland Tunnel -- a story you've heard before [construction, ventilation] 198. Dionysius Lardner looks at a rapidly changing world [handbooks, power, steam, coal, conservation, water power] 199. Ford's star-crossed Eagle boat [ship, war, design, navy, production, design, construction] 200. In which we study an old machinist's handbook [Nicholson, millwright, Industrial Revolution, Dickens] 201. The rush to build the Western riverboats [safety, steamboats, Pittsburgh, transportation] 202. A look at Edwardian patents: 1901-1902 [perpetual motion, Fleming, radio tube, flight] 203. The Encyclopaedia Britannica from 1768 to now [dictionary, encyclopedia, Industrial Revolution] 204. Robert A. Millikan, a man who didn't want to be a physicist [science, Roentgen, Curie, Planck] 205. Cyrus McCormick and the 1876 Centennial Exhibition [America, machinery, Lincoln, industry, business, invention] 206. Astronomy, the pole star, and the wheel [Bronowski, Easter Island] 207. George Seldon, Henry Ford, and Clyde Barrow [automobiles, transportation, Duryea, Gibbs] 208. Technology, art, and the Upper Paleolithic period [invention, anthropology, archaeology, Neanderthal, Cro Magnon, tools] 209. Joseph Priestley: Ben Franklin's "honest heretic" [Industrial Revolution, oxygen, Aristotle, Lunar Society, Boulton, Watt, Darwin, Wedgwood, religion] 210. Maxim's airplane [Ader, flight, transportation, Wright, invention] 211. Anesthesia, another "Who got there first?" question [medicine, chemistry, Long, Wells, Victoria, Morton] 212. Niepce, Daguerre, and the first 30 years of photography [camera obscura, chemistry] 213. The Pythagorean "feminist" philosophers [Theano, Pythagoras, Plato, mathematics, geometry, Greek, women] 214. Cognac grapes growing from Texas rootstocks [Munson, wine, agriculture, botany] 215. Hypatia's mathematics [Hellenistic, astrolabe, densitomiter, Alexandria, women] 216. In which we watch books growing old [library, paper, papyrus, printing, linen, parchment] 217. The saintly Witch of Agnesi [Newton, Italy, mathematics, women, geometry, calculus] 218. The globe-girdling flight of Voyager [Rutan, Yeager, transportation, aircraft, materials] 219. Emilie de Breteuil: only a mind in a gilded cage [Newton, women, Voltaire, France, mathematics] 220. Pride goeth before the fall of the Quebec Bridge [safety, steel construction, cantilever, Cooper] 221. Caroline Herschel: more than meets the eye [women, astronomy, mathematics, Uranus, comets, nebulae] 222. "A Good Crystal Ball is Hard to Find" [Watt, Edison, transportation, phonograph, communication] 223. Sophie Germain and French applied mechanics [women, mathematics, LaGrange, Gauss, Eiffel] 224. Mary Fairfax Somerville [women, mathematics, science, Babbage, Ada Byron] 225. Sonya Corvin-Krukovsky Kovalevsky [women, mathematics, Weierstrass, mechanics] 226. Emmy Noether, the gentle mathematical powerhouse [women, mathematics, algebra, Einstein, Weyl, Germany] 227. Some summary thoughts on women in mathematics [Hroswitha, engineering] 228. The limestone quarries of Northern France [pyramids, stone, cathedral, safety, construction] 229. Computer systems and railroad track widths [standardization, design] 230. The round earth: a smaller world than the flat one [Columbus, Pythagoreans, Aristotle, Eratosthenes, Egypt] 231. The real McCoy [Black inventor, lubrication, railroads] 232. The ritual origins of technology [Egypt, balance] 233. Balsa wood and composite materials [design, construction, composite materials, boats, airplanes] 234. Dolly Shepherd -- on parachutes, risk, and technology [women, balloons, flight, Buffalo Bill, Garnerin, space] 235. Harrison's wonderful watch [timekeeping, invention, clocks, navigation, Royal Society] 236. Norbert Rillieux and multistage evaporation [Black inventor, agriculture, thermodynamics, Civil War] 237. Early submarines [Verne, Turtle, transportation, war, ships, Fulton, Bauer] 238. The Momsen Lung, a technology that needn't have been [safety, navy, submarines, design, Bauer, war] 239. Chester Carlson and the XeroX machine [printing, communication, invention] 240. Mathematics is too hard for me to learn! [education] 241. Giordano Bruno and the radicalization of Copernicus [science, astronomy, religion] 242. The Chinese origin of the bombard [gunpowder, war] 243. What ever became of Babbage's Analytical Engine? [computer] 244. Cable cars: the right technology in the right place [transportation, electric trolley, steam engine] 245. Delaunay Deslandes misses the Industrial Revolution [plate glass, manufacturing, France] 246. The book on weirs from the Turriano Codex [da Vinci, dams, water management] 247. Jean Piaget watches children analyze machines [education, bicycles, psychology] 248. Ninety years before the Golden Gate Bridge [Gold Rush, Fremont, Strauss, safety] 249. Amy Johnson -- an improbable heroine [Earhart, women, flight, transportation, aircraft] 250. Escalator: the magical stairways [steam, exhibition, electricity, Otic, Reno] 251. The timber square set: a mining revolution in Virginia City [invention, construction, Deidesheimer] 252. Archimedes' legendary death ray: Did it exist? [Greek, war, navy] 253. Gaining a concrete understanding of cement [Eddystone Lighthouse, plaster, Smeaton, tuff] 254. Charlie Taylor builds the Wright Brother's engine [flight, invention, design, Ford] 255. The Chrysler Airflow: the Car of the Future [design, automobile, transportation] 256. Reuleaux's kinematics: the soul of a machine [kinematics, mechanics] 257. Charles Preuss maps the American West [surveying, Fremont, Kit Carson, cartography] 258. Hieronymus Bosch's documentary demons [art, pharmacy, chemistry, medicine, communication] 259. Surveying: a no-longer-recognizable technology 260. 150 years of the metric system of units [dimensions, measurement] 261. Aesop's Fables and scientific illustration [Gilbert, Gheeraerts, science, zoology] 262. Light, Experience, and the rise of 17th century science [art, Hals, Pope, Newton, medicine] 263. The Garden of Eden in a computer simulation [science] 264. Oliver Evans -- revised version [transportation, auto, steamboat, oructor amphibolos, vacuum] 265. In which Friederich Kekule sees snakes and the benzene ring [science, invention, Liebig, architecture, chemistry, crime] 266. Galileo roughs upon the Aristotelian moon [art, astronomy] 267. An engine to drive the new dynamos [electric generators, steam engines, steam turbines, Parsons] 268. Diving into an Etruscan shipwreck [archaeology] 269. Mechanical ears in WW-II [war, acoustics, sound, radar] 270. "The Deep:" Diving into the shipwreck of the RMS Rhone [steamships, packets] 271. Mercer's mad museum of just-abandoned technology [archaeology, anthropology, tools] 272. The railroads and standard time [clocks, timekeeping] 273. Ice, diamonds, and the heat pipe [Trefethen, invention, heat transfer, condensation] 274. The Luddites and thoughts about technological change. [manufacturing] 275. The form and shape of things -- of nature and cities 276. Charles Proteus Steinmetz -- brilliant engineer and would-be socialist. [GE, electricity, technocracy] 277. The power output of you and of your favorite machine [anthropology] 278. Of mummies and the North Pole [Hellenistic, flight, transportation, invention] 279. The Smithsonian acquires a domestic hydraulic elevator [Otis] 280. The wreck of the Cairo [Civil War, ship, steamboat, gunboat, war, anthropology, archaeology] 281. van Rysselberghe's invention of long-distance telephone service [electricity, communication, Bell, telegraph] 282. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure -- the reenactment of an old disaster [safety, suspension bridge, accidents] 283. An 1869 Harper's article on flight [transportation, ornithopters, Wright Brothers, internal combustion] 284. The aerial map: a dream that was a long time in coming [photography, Daguerreotype, balloons, flight, surveying] 285. Oliver Evans: an American original [millwright, manufacturing, steam engines, handbooks] 286. The musical instrument shop in Colonial Williamsburg [violin, harpsichord, tools] 287. Some reflections on amateurs, professionals, and invention [Goddard, Corelli, rockets] 288. Octave Chanute and the wedding of engineering with flight [gliders, airplanes, engineering, Wright, transportation] 289. In which we watch women join the new technology of flight [war, transportation, Wright, Curtiss, Scott, Clark, Quimby, Stinson] 290. Mapping the moon [Galileo, Hevelius, Borman, astronomy] 291. The French horn and the industrial revolution [music, invention, music, pipe] 292. The Scapa Flow ship cemetery [war, navy, shipwrecks, Royal Oak] 293. Johann Joachim Becher, mercantilism, phlogiston, and gold [science, alchemy, chemistry, metallurgy] 294. Hroswitha, Durer, and medieval feminism [art, mathematics, science, women, literature, printing] 295. Putting a leap second in an elastic year [timekeeping, cesium clock, calendars, standards, measurement] 296. The Anthropic Principle [science, philosophy, Anaxagoras, Blake, Wheeler, anthropology] 297. Wieliczka Sol, the great salt treasure [Poland, mining] 298. A prediction about aerial warfare made in 1909 [flight, transportation, Zeppelin, dirigible, guns] 299. Stereotomy: Mathematics, Masonry, and the trumpet squinch [Architecture, construction, design, geometry] 300. The Gallerie des Machines and the 1889 Paris Exhibition [France, Crystal Palace, Adams, Carnot, construction, iron] 301. The marriage of art with medical dissection [medicine, Aristotle, da Vinci, Dickens, Twain] 302. On the purpose pursued by airplane inventors [war, Wright] 303. The Battle of Lepanto and the last of galleys [Cervantes, ships, war, galleasses] 304. In which Robert Fulton tries to build a submarine [Turtle, Napoleon, steam, Bushnell] 305. Lisa Meitner, the reluctant mother of the atomic bomb [science, chemistry, physics, radiation, women, war] 306. Mothers of invention: women inventing for women [liquid paper, Nesmith, Newmar, Lamar, Baker, invention] 307. A visit to a home that was occupied for 230,000 years [Peking Man, cave, anthropology, tools] 308. The Last of the 7 Wonders of the World, The Great Pyramid [Colossus, Philon, Hellenistic, Sputnik, computer] 309. Hunter-gatherers turn into farmers in Roseburg, Oregon [lumber, logging] 310. The Fairmount Waterworks in old Philadelphia [Twain, turbines, hydraulics, pumps, steam, water wheels, Latrobe, Dickens] 311. The CycloCrane: half helicopter and half blimp [balloons, dirigibles, flight, logging, invention] 312. Old technology faces new at the Battle of Hastings [war, England, horse, armor, arrows] 313. We find the history of trolleys in the middle of a forest [transportation, electric, cable car, railroads] 314. Hippocrates and the oath to do holistic medicine 315. The 1909 Sears-Roebuck catalog and 20th century America [Montgomery-ward, manufacturing, typewriter, phonograph] 316. John, Washington, and Emily Roebling; and suspension bridges [construction, wire rope, Lackawaxen] 317. Edwin Armstrong, FM radio, and the superheterodyne [communication, electricity, radio tubes, Sarnoff] 318. Charles Lindbergh, Alexis Carrel, and the invention of the heart pump [flight, medicine, artificial organs] 319. Galen, the driven Roman genius of experimental medicine 320. On providing and elevator for the Eiffel Tower in 1889 [construction, Otis, exhibition, buildings] 321. About Galileo, China, and sunspots [science, telescopes, Japan, astronomy] 322. Marriot's Avitor airship and the California Gold Rush [transportation, flight, balloons, dirigibles, Porter] 323. Frozen-out wine, burnt wine, and the invention of brandy [food, alchemy, chemistry, processes, liquor, beer] 324. The Chinese invention of seismography [instrumentation, science, geophysics, earthquake] 325. Andreas Vesalius, renaissance artists, and experimental anatomy [medicine, dissection, surgery, art, Shakespeare, da Vinci] 326. Sybilla Masters, the first and last Colonial woman inventor [America, agriculture, fabric, weaving, patents, women] 327. Ambroise Pare turns butchery into humane surgery [medicine] 328. We find a 2300 year old model airplane in the Cairo Museum [Egypt, flight, transportation, Hellenistic] 329. Production and usury: trying to make money without making things [production, invention, innovation] 330. In which we try not to "yield with grace to reason" [Frost, Isaacks, Jefferson, desalination, engines, Second Law of Thermodynamics] 331. Greth's California Eagle and Baldwin's California Arrow fly over San Francisco [flight, transportation, airship, dirigibles] 332. Teaching mechanics and science by involving student in the thought process [education, Hudson, Casey, MacGyver] 333. Shipwrecks in the Great Lakes. The Northwest Passage [Arabia, Sweepstakes, Huron, Superior, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, St. Lawrence] 334. Lucretius and modern atomic theory, 2000 years too soon [science, Rome, physics, poem, poetry, Aristotle] 335. Erasmus Darwin, poet laureate of the Industrial Revolution [poem, poetry, literature] 336. William Harvey, the doctor who unraveled blood flow [heart, medicine, anatomy, Padua] 337. On life, death, and riding roller coasters [Thompson, Astroworld, gravity, Texas Cyclone] 338. The brief bright day of the Clipper Ship [transportation, steam, sailing] 339. Henry David Thoreau: technologist [literature, lead pencils, invention, transcendentalists] 340. Unwilling Chinese pioneers of kite flight [Marco Polo, balloons, Rozier, Montgolfier, Baden-Powell] 341. Scientific literacy: a many-sided problem [education] 342. Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass": a photograph of America [literature, camera, poem, poetry] 343. A 6000 year old roadway in neolithic England [Stone age, construction, highway, transportation, tools] 344. Measuring the distance from Earth to the moon [space, laser, instrumentation, accuracy] 345. Watching the space shuttle glow in the dark [telescope, atmosphere, chemistry, kinetic theory, corrosion] 346. America learns consumerism [advertising, design, retail sales] 347. Shrodinger's metaphysical cat [physics, quantum, philosphy, reality] 348. The riddle of the camera and reality [Holmes, Orvell, stereoptican, photography, manufacturing] 349. Morrel's California Ariel: a great forgotten dirigible failure [flight, transportation, balloon, Zeppelin] 350. Robert Boyle, and his laboratory assistants: Hooke and Papin [steam engine, pressure cooker, science] 351. Mapping Antarctica [Amundsen, Byrd, geography, geology, South Pole, exploration] 352. The 15th century origin of the suction pump (Columbus, sailing ships, mining, drainage, bilge, laboratory) 353. James Porteous and the invention of the Fresno Scraper (California, American West, earth moving, heavy equipment, agriculture, civil engineering) 354. Thomas Burnet and the scale of geological time (Newton, cosmology, science, geology, Gould, Earth, religion, Bible) 355. The remarkable level of engineering in the Neolithic stone age (pyramids, Egypt, archaeology, construction, tools) 356. The folly of naming the first inventor [light bulb, Edison, Grove, electricity, steamboat, Fitch, Davy, invention, Swan, de la Rue] 357. The 2nd Anniversary of The Engines of Our Ingenuity [invention] 358. Giovanni Battista Morgagni: Father of anatomical pathology [medicine, surgery, disease] 359. The Dolni Vestonice Venus: ceramic art of the Upper Paleolithic period in Czechoslovakia [anthropology, archaeology] 360. Woodland's and Silver's invention of the bar code [computer, laser, retail, information] 361. Water witching, dowsing, and the psychology of finding water 362. Reducing body temperatures for surgery: Hypothermic Circula tory Arrest [medicine, blood] 363. Mapping the ocean floor [geography, Magellan, Ross, Bache, Franklin, measurement, instrumentation, geology] 364. Abraham Trembley and the "Hydra" pylop [botany, biology, zoology, science, reproduction] 365. The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey measures America [geography, instrumentation] 366. A.A. Milne's moral fables for an unproductive America [Christopher Robin, production, literature, trade] 367. Diving into what was once a Minoan shipwreck, 4250 years ago [archaeology, anthropology, Greece, Bronze age] 368. The size of things: How big or small is the world around us? [astronomy, stars, science, earth, geology] 369. Civil War ironclads -- a lot more of them than you thought [military, ships, steamboats, guns] 370. Domenico Fontana moves a 327 monolith for Pope Sixtus V [architecture, civil engineering, Egyptian obelisk, St. Paul's] 371. Martin Luther King shows us how the inventive mind works [Black, race relations, nonviolence] 372. A sundial honors Kentucky's Viet Nam dead [war, architecture, astronomy, memorial] 373. Flying like a bird: on mimicking life with machines [biology, flight, airplane, design, invention, transportation] 374. The Cubitt treadmill: a prison "reform" that failed in America [power, penology, sociology, mills] 375. On reaching the limits of smallness [computers, calculators, nanometer, size, laser well, measurement, materials] 376. The inexorable leaning of the Tower of Pisa [construction, foundation, architecture, masonry] 377. The wheelbarrow, a medieval invention in the West and an ancient one in the East [Chinese, cathedral, wheel] 378. Women in the Academy [science, Curie, Poullain, Gozzadini] 379. Hutton's geological theory: A world that neither begins nor ends [science, religion, cosmology, stratigraphy, Playfair, Scott] 380. The Chinese invention of equal temperament in music [scales, tuning, Back, Chu, Tartini, Mersenne, Ricci] 381. Using submarines in the Civil War [Bushnell, Fulton, David, Hunley, Housatonic] 382. Mary Wollstonecraft: feminism and 18th century revolution [Frankenstein, women, Paine, Blake, Priestley, Godwin,] 383. Eli Terry brings wooden clocks to the Midwestern frontier [Lincoln, sales, medieval, marketing] 384. Samuel Slater reinvents spinning technology in early America [weaving, textile, cloth, industry, manufacturing, Brown, Quaker, women, patent, invention] 385. The Haya people make carbon steel in ancient Africa [Black, iron, metallurgy, anthropology, smelting] 386. Some thoughts about invention, inventors, and cooperation 387. James Nasmyth: an engineer designs heavy machinery with an artist's eye [Industrial Revolution, Crystal Palace, invention] 388. Towing an iceberg out of the way [offshore, design, high-pressure, oil, ships, drilling, ocean] 389. The Mayan city of Coba -- a story of technology in isolation [anthropology, agriculture, Yucatan, city, architecture, archaeology] 390. Some thoughts about the origins of writing [Sumerian, Egyptian, heiroglyph, Africa, Black, invention] 391. Simplicity gives America its 1st jet fighter, the Lulu-Belle [Skunk Works, airplane, flight, war, invention, design] 392. Margaret Cavendish: a 17th century natural philosopher [science, women, salon, France, England] 393. Thoughts on the dangers posed by electric fields [Franklin, lightening, electrostatic, power lines, AC] 394. How did Prometheus really steal fire? [myth, matches, anthropology, flint, invention] 395. John Herschel, modest inheritor of an "astronomical" legacy [telescope, science, women, astronomy, Babbage,calculus] 396. Bread, wine, and beer: the origins of fermentation [alcohol, Bible, vinegar, agriculture, food, chemistry, anthropology] 397. Maria Merian, the mother of entomology [women, entomology, biology, trades, painting, textiles, anthropology] 398. Taming the beast: in which we forge a relation with animals [anthropology, zoology, agriculture] 399. How we got from the Stone Age to the Iron Age [metals, ore, smelting, alloy, Egypt, Greece, furnaces] 400. How the Chinese missed the Industrial Revolution and succumbed to opium [drugs, tobacco, clocks, Jesuits, China] 401. Herman Hollerith streamlines the 1890 Census and starts IBM [computer, business, invention] 402. What ever became of solar energy? [power, nuclear, hydroelectric, dam, wind, tidal, sun] 403. In which we yield to nature and build the Panama Canal [civil engineering, locks, de Lessups, yellow fever, construction] 404. A night at the opera: The most highly refined technology [music, theater, Saint-Saens, composition, orchestra, violin, singing, acoustics] 405. "Time's Arrow, Times Cycle:" Jay Gould talks about time [Hampton, Black, geology, science, cosmology, Burnett] 406. Why do you and I have legs instead of wheels? [zoology, design, invention] 407. German women astronomers in the the 17th century [trades, Germany, Cunitz, science] 408. Measuring the creative genie, and fleeing from him [invention, Coleridge] 409. The inclined railway on Lookout Mountain at Chattanooga [Civil War, cable, Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, Indians] 410. Coleridge, Newton: Romantic poets and Victorian science [Blake, Rationalism, English, England, literature] 411. Unraveling the Mysteries of Stonehenge [Hoyle, Lockyer, Neolithic, Druids, Aubry, Solstice, astronomy, archaeology] 412. How an old analog computer outlived its species [design, compressed, compressor, digital, natural gas, SwRI] 413. Edwin Hubble and the 15 billion light year universe [telescope, NASA, space shuttle, astronomy, nebulae, relativity, Adams] 414. The ancient Chinese South-Pointing Chariot rediscovered [design, Honda, auto, car, steering, gears, feedback control, China] 415. The chequered history of observation balloons [Garnerin, Nero, [Walpole, France, Franklin, Napoleon, McClellan] 416. The sad story of the Bavarian Polytechnical Society in Nazi Germany [Hitler, Nazi, von Linde, von Weber] 417. On finding another language to tell what scientists know [words, Gilbert, fluid flow, teaching, Latin] 418. 200 Anniversary of the U.S. Patent and Copyright Office [famous, law, invention, lawyer, creativity] 419. In which we watch Eliphalet Nott build Union College [education, university, Hamilton, Burr, Princeton] 420. Leaving domination behind and building the New Jerusalem [women, Neolithic, Paleolithic, Houston, society, anthropology] 421. William Gibbs and the steamship United States -- 30 years too late [shipping, design, transportation, marine, Queen Mary, flight] 422. The invention of the shot tower: an exercise in perception [invention, manufacturing, guns, Watts, processes] 423. Frederick Terman, Stanford University, and Silicon Valley [electronics, electricity, innovation, Klystron, San Jose] 424. So many questions we never thought to ask [invention, clocks, sundials] 425. Mining cold water to make power and grow food in Hawaii [OTEC, energy, agriculture, farming] 426. Oliver Heaviside -- an electrical sage in solitude [mathematics, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Hertz, Gibbs, Vector] 427. Printer's marks & devices: brands of the new information age [Gutenberg, books, Guillard, Fust, Schoeffer, books, symbols] 428. Marie Mitchell: a pioneer of American astronomy [Annie Jump Cannon, science, Vassar, Nantucket, women] 429. The mismeasure of man: bigotry hides behind numbers [race, Black, women, Gould, anthropology, Agassiz, Morton] 430. Mining the moon [metals, metallurgy, space, vacuum] 431. Killing the first person in the search for objectivity [language, writing, expression] 432. John Montgomery's airplane and its prophet, Victor Loughead [Lockhead, flight, transportation, Chanute, California, gliders] 433. Kinematic waves in traffic -- a social contract [transportation, automobiles, highways] 434. Fast, cheap, and out of control: the MIT Insect design lab [robots, artificial intelligence, computers, manufacturing] 435. Hedy Lamarr: The inventor behind the mask of beauty [women, electronics, control, movies, invention, Antheil] 436. An old electricity handbook reminds us that we're smart [telephone, technology, learning] 437. Why bombs can't kill a city [war, airplanes, sociology, production, WW-II, Viet Nam] 438. Redheffer's perpetual motion machine [science, Philadelphia, power] 439. Building the Great Pyramid and building Chartres Cathedral [architecture, archaeology, religion, medieval masons, Egypt] 440. The day we threw out the library's card catalog and replaced it with a computer [information, books, bibliography] 441. Where have all the entomologists gone? [science, entomology, biology, insects, bugs] 442. Responsibility, accountability, and the design of software [computers, management, design] 443. The International Date Line: an intellectual teaser [geography, Pacific, timekeeping, exploration, Magellan] 444. The Royal Geographical Society: science and dreams [Burton, Speke, exploration, Scott, Amundsen, Livingstone, Hillary] 445. The second American Revolution [Romantic, literature, Blake, Barlow, Wollstoncraft, Priestley, Franklin, Godwin, invention, Brown, Industrial Revolution] 446. The Mt. Graham red squirrel and the U. of Ariz. observatory [environmentalists, telescope, biology, regulation, forest] 447. Synthetic and real things in 1910 America [production, Santayana, manufacturing, Chaplin, society, advertising, environment] 448. High heat flux in Japan: The provenance of an idea [energy, invention, innovation, research, science, physics] 449. The Shinkansen "Bullet Train" [transportation, railroad, safety, inventions, innovation, Japan, earthquake, seismology] 450. The fiction of a "Balance of Nature" [ecology, habitat, pollution, change, environment] 451. Roy Chapman Andrews and his fossils in the Gobi Desert [exploration, archaeology, dinosaurs, China, Komodo] 452. Diamonds: a fabrication of the mind [epitaxy, abrasives, heat conduction, materials, crystal, science, invention] 453. The "Man-midwife" usurps a woman's preserve [birth control, mercantilism, plague, medieval, medicine, birth, sex, women] 454. "Arcana of Science and Art:" Changing the world in 1832 [Industrial Revolution, vanadium, thermostat, flare, England, America, silk, invention, design, Babbage, Somerville, Blake] 455. In which Rhode Island rum-runners create the U.S. Navy [military, ships, frigate, Colonial, America, smuggling, Bligh] 456. Synectics: engineering design takes on a more personal face [invention, psychology] 457. Invicta: on fighting fire ants with fire ants [science, environment, ecology, entomology] 458. Trebuchet: A story about Rome, China, and Medieval Europe [military, arms, catapult, slings, bow and arrow, swape, lever, gunpowder, cannons] 459. Tabby and Cob: a construction material for everyman [masonry, concrete, building, houses, Yeats, Innisfree] 460. Making hotels and prisons out of large building blocks [construction, concrete, prefabrication, Zachry] 461. The computer joins stage-set design [theater, Wagner, Bartok, CAD] 462. Fuseli's Nightmare [Shelley, Wollstonecraft, Byron, art, Frankenstein, Romantic, Gothic, revolution, painting] 463. Chimneys and fireplaces thaw the chill of Northern Europe [domestic heating, medieval, Wenceslas, smokestacks, Villon, ventilation, cold, heating] 464. Is the Clovis dating of Native Americans Under Attack [achaeology, anthropology, Indians, radio carbon dating, science, sociology] 465. The Waning of American Science and Engineering Education 466. The Iconography of Women and Science: Images and Realities [art, printing, Rousseau, Kant, Bacon, du Chatelet] 467. The First Steamboat in San Francisco Bay [Donner, Lienhard, Sacramento, Sitka, California Gold Rush, pioneers] 468. The Man-made Infestation of Starlings in America [ecology, environment, birds, biology, Darwinian selection] 469. Nicolaus Steno, a sharp observer of nature and possible saint [Catholic Church, geology, paleontology, science, fossils] 470. The Japanese Zero a airplane with things to teach us [flight, production, invention, World War Two] 471. Have I really seen technological change in my lifetime? 472. About an old geometry text at the Battle of Charleston [Civil War, Foster, Legendre, navy, ship, steamboat, gunboat] 473. On making water fit to drink [civil, environmental, carcinogens, flouride, chlorine, chemistry, Rook, Bellar,] 474. John Dee: mathematician, scientist, and sorcerer [alchemy, Euclid's geometry, England] 475. Are men and women the same or different? An old mischief [anatomy, du Chatelet, Kant, Rousseau, gender] 476. Lynn White, the stirrup, and the feudal system [medieval warfare, Martel, horse, Knights in armor] 477. Mary-Claire King and the grandmothers [Argentina, biochemistry, genetics, women, revolution, Carlton, Wheaton, mathematics] 478. A quiet man in a bow tie: Not as dull as you think [engineer, design, stereotype, tractor, winch] 479. In which Japan learns Shakespeare and adopts Western culture [literature, art museum, Macbeth] 480. Parents and children: About the legacy of creativity [Dunbar, Symons, sanitary engineering, water quality, environment, women, astronaut, civil] 481. The computer earns a grandmaster rating in Chess 482. The Cornish pump: a wonderfully adaptive technology goes West [steam engine, mining, Newcomen, Watt, Irish] 483. Dorothea Erxleben, Germany's first woman doctor [women, science, Halle, medicine] 484. K.G. Englehardt, the Robot Lady, makes humane machines [design, women, robotics, production, service] 485. Of dinosaurs and dogs: How do our joints work [zoology, anatomy, biology, science] 486. A look at voting machines [Edison, vote, politics] 487. The Tollund Man and other bog people of Northern Europe (archaeology, anthropology, iron age, embalming, Denmark, religion, food) 488. Success, failure, and Biosphere-2 experiment (ecology, space, NASA, Oracle, Arizona, waste, Bass, greenhouse, Matson) 489. A sonic measurement of the ocean's temperature (acoustics, global warming, whales, sound, globe, Heard) 490. A countess balloons over Italy's Apennine mountains. (aviation, flight) 491. Tom Swift: prophetic assembly line stories (literature, Bobbsey Twins, Rover Boys, invention) 492. Books: more than we thought they were (literature, Candide, paper, computers) 493. Competition among steam, electricity, and internal combustion cars, in 1900. [engines, automobiles, power, starter, Stanley Steamer, Ford, market driven] 494. Lysenko's mad Marxist evolutionary theory [genetics, Russia, Soviet, McCarthy, communism, Lamark, Mendel] 495. Srinivas Ramanujan: an inexplicable mathematical genius [India, Hardy, Hindu, number theory, mathematics] 496. Teilhard de Chardin and Piltdown "conspiracy" [evolution, theology, Cro-Magnon, archaeology, anthropology, Dawson] 497. The Piper Cub observes its 60th birthday [airplane, flight, transportation, design, Pullman, Snake River Canyon] 498. Women primatologists close their conference to men [feminist, anthropology, biology, Santa Cruz, sociology] 499. How old will you get? Writing the longevity equation [gerontology, Hildebrand, aging, medicine, disease] 500. A Christmas observation of the 500th episode [creativity, risk, minority] 501. The Maldive Islands: a dream going under water [environment, global warming, ocean, greenhouse effect, ecology, polution] 502. Flat TV screens: American invention -- Japanese development [television, computers, electronics, production, innovation, liquid crystals] 503. PCs, electric motors, and more thoughts about change [computers, factories, steam engines] 504. An Ethiopian shaman uses digital arithematic [African, Black, mathematics, arithmetic, computers] 505. The shark's tail: better design than we ever thought [design, screwdriver, zoology, ichthyology, swimming, fish, evolution, hydrodynamics, biology] 506. Unfinished engineering in the state of Washington [concrete bridges, library, tunnels, design, canals, University of Washington, Seattle] 507. Igor Sikorsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff make airplanes [helicopters, airplanes, transportation, Pushkin, design, Russia, WW-I, WW-II, seaplanes, amphibians] 508. Ferris' Great Wheel: Thrust out into the sky! [Chicago World's fair, roller coaster, consciousness, Jaynes, bicameral, Eiffel] 509. The Technological Muse: An art exhibit on technology [museum, Katonah, techni, Buxtehude, organ, painting] 510. Ben Franklin, electricity, and revolution [lightning rods, Louis XV] 511. Paracelsus hides real science behind magical alchemy [chemistry, medicine, Frobenius, Erasmus, Switzerland] 512. The fever thermometer enters medical practice [medicine, physiology, science] 513. DNA, RNA, and scientific literacy [biophysics, biology, biochemistry, genetics, genes, science] 514. Tyrannosaurus Rex helps us to understand dinosaurs -- and ourselves. [zoology, paleontology, extinction, ecology, evolution] 515. Science fiction and German rocketry [von Braun, Goddard, Oberth, Valier, V2 rocket, Lang, Opel] 516. The Tuskegee Airman help desegregate the Army, and win WW-II [flight, war, Black, airplane] 517. Sojourner Truth: A slave reshapes America [Black, women, segregation, slavery, Civil War, Lincoln, Douglas, Garrison, Stowe, King, religion, abolitionist] 518. Colonial slaves teach us about smallpox inoculation [Cotton Mather, Boston, Black, medicine, Franklin] 519. Benjamin Banneker, The Black "Poor Richard" [almanacs, Black, Franklin, Jefferson, Washington DC, Rush] 520. Great Zimbabwe: A once great African city state [Black, Rhodesia, iron age, architecture, masonry, archaeology] 521. Black soldiers in the Civil War: Defining freedom [war, military] 522. Jan Matzeliger and the first automatic last machine [shoes, manufacturing, invention, Massachussetts] 523. Edison fails and succeeds in converting low grade ore [iron, steel, electricity, Ogdensburg, Mesabi, taconite] 524. Einstein as an inventor and patent holder [physics, Szilard, refrigerator, gyrocompass, Mach, manufacturing, special relativity, electricity] 525. Cities and farms: Do cities drive consumption or reduce it? [environmentalists, ecology, history, mass transit sociology] 526. Should Scientific American have fired Forrest Mims, a Crea- tionist and Fundamentalist? [Walker, religion, science, science writing] 527. Cox's "perpetual motion machine:" A barometer-driven clock [Weeks, science, windmills, water wheels, solar energy] 528. Villard de Honnecourt and the decline of Gothic Cathedrals [Strasbourg, masons, Notre Dame, clock escapements, Reims, invention] 529. Panoramas: The IMAXs of 1800 [theater, movies, art, Barker, Fulton, motion pictures, Reynolds, Constable, painting] 530. Johann Traugott Wandke: Texas' first organ builder [music, Round Top, Galveston, craftsmanship] 531. John Tyndall fuses practical physics and Romantic poetry [heat, thermodynamics, philosophy of science, experiment] 532. George Bernard Shaw: Music critic [theater, literature, Rossini, Parry, reviews, Sullivan, opera] 533. Old cures and superstitions: more effective that we thought [medicine, science, bleeding, Egypt, malaria mosquitoes, Jenner, fever, Burton, Reed] 534. A cleansing fire in Australia [ecology, environment, Drake, ethnology, Drake, anthropology, Botany Bay] 535. An evening at a University of Chicago choral concert [Hassler, Distler, Byrd, Purcell, Poulenc, Vaughn-Williams, Handl, education, music] 536. Edwin Land, polarization, Polaroid, and the Land Camera [stress analysis, photoelasticity, invention] 537. The Victoria "Dutch" windmill, first windmill in Texas [power, Witte, grist, turret, Dutch, West] 538. Some facts and reflections on the pace of life [anthro- pology, psychology, sociology, tobacco, heart, Watts] 539. The surprise gift of love, invention, and creativity [DC-3, Wright, flight, aviation, Boeing, B-52] 540. Inventing agriculture: A new look at an old story [farming, Neolithic, emmer, Natufians, botany, archaeology] 541. Drugs and other modern troubles: a question of scientific literacy [cocaine, recovery, addiction, AIDS, psychology, neurophysiology] 542. People who knew each other? A question of connectedness. [Wedgwood, Coleridge, Davy, Watt, Wollstonecraft, Boulton, Godwin, anesthesia, Lunar Society, Rachmaninoff, Sikorsky, Twain, Tesla, Franklin, Small, Priestley, revolution] 543. A program based on a randomly selected date: 584 AD [Byzantium, Hagia Sofia, Mohammud, Anthemius of Tralles, Greek fire, Bosporus, science, Gothic, Roman arch] 544. Women in medicine, in the ancient classical world [Hippocratic, Cos, Greece, abortion, Agnodice, Athens] 545. Energy Inventory: On paying environmental costs at the gas pump. [Boulton, Johnson, Boswell, Watt, Blake, fuel, power, solar, nuclear, economics, tax, Valdez, ozone, pollutants] 546. Trotula and medieval women's medicine [medieval Europe, Italy, Salerno, childbirth, birth control, gynecology, obstetrics, infertility, Victorian, sex,] 547. Bertha E. Jaques and an American school of etching [Chicago, prints, art, invention, women] 548. A visit to the Taj Mahal and the meaning of technology [India, architecture, monuments, Moguls] 549. Antonj Leeuwenhoek -- a lesson in simplicity and honesty [biology, science, microscopes, Hooke, lenses, information] 550. Crossing the Atlantic under steam -- 1819 and 1838 [transportation, steamboat, Brunel, Smith, Lardner, marine, engine, Savannah, Sirius, Great Western] 551. The sounds of silence -- cancelling noise with noise [acoustics, Simon, active noise control, ANC, MRI] 552. A domestic wind generator, a century before its time [windmill, solar energy, power, Brush, environment, ecology, electric lights, arc lights, Edison, dynamo] 553. Mulholland waters LA -- and damn the Owens Valley [Eaton, California, civil engineering, agriculture, ecology, aqueducts, irrigation, construction] 554. Fooling ourselves: great minds against themselves conspire [Purcell, Dido and Aeneas, simplicity, pipeline, design] 555. Niels Christensen: a combative old man invents the O-ring [Boeing, seals, gaskets, invention, patents] 556. Melancholy railroad: icon of American growth and change [steam locomotives, commerce, transportation, Chicago, meat packing, livestock, Whitman, Sandburg] 557. Manufactured sounds: more change than we can bear in music? [Erard, pianoforte, Mozart, clarinet, organ, synthesizer, Goodman, electric guitar, electronic music, Moog, A. Lienhard] 558. The lost myths and folkways: Bettelheim, Bly, and Revels [music, psychology, myth, theater] 559: Rates of technological improvement: doubling in a lifetime [clocks, power plants, transportation, invention, cars, trains] 560: Humankind: one race -- not a thousand subspecies [biology, evolution, anthropology, Smith, Layton, cichlids, Black, natural selection, zoology, taxonomy] 561. Bad dreams: Engineers worry about their designs [Wordsworth, Hoover, nuclear safety, depressurization, Hamurabi, creativity, invention, design, Ellis, Golden Gate Bridge] 562. Charles Dupin gets English secrets for France after Waterloo [French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Napoleonic Wars, bridges, naval, England, risk, reform, education] 563. Buckminsterfullerene, Bucky balls, or carbon 60 [diamond, graphite, carbon, Smalley, materials, geodesic domes, superconductivity] 564. Various ways to age [biology, gerontology, rockfish, zoology, salmon, sickle cell, Huntington's, diet, Shakespeare] 565. The first American patent: a process for making potash [potassium, chemical process, Hopkins, alkalai, Bly] 566. Writing equations for profit, at the cost of the environment [economics, Hotelling, Peru, ecology, fish, zoology] 567. Chickens, beriberi, and the discovery of vitamins [Batavia, Eijkman, bacteriology, immunology, Funk, thiamin] 568. A survey of job satisfaction among women engineers [Baum, Cooper Union, education] 569. Edwin Link's trainer: organs to airplanes to oceanography [player pianos, trainer, flight, transportation, music, Wurlitzer, diving, war] 570. An urban anthropologist studies New York's crack houses [dope, sociology, Hamid, narcotics, psychology] 571. The origins of Native North American Agriculture [farming, anthropology, archaeology, grain, corn, wheat, Indian, Mississipi-Ohio, maize, urbanization] 572. The Boy Scientist: A 1925 book for boys [technology, education, engineering, Einstein, X-rays] 573. The search for the first naval artillery [cannons, firearms, gunpowder, war, Renaissance] 574. Cornelius Drebbel invents the 1st modern feedback controller [Renaissance, alchemist, alchemy, engraving, chemistry, invention, dye, submarine, thermostat, economics] 575. Ancient ziggurats: Was one of them the Tower of Babel? [Bible, construction, composite materials, civil engineering, archaeology, Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar] 576. Ernst Mach, Einstein, and thought experiments [Galileo, science, relativity, Aristotle, philosophy] 577. Coming out of the Dark Ages: An old building in Poitiers [Roman architecture, France, Medieval, Rome, Gothic cathedral] 578. The Ceide Peat Bogs: And old environmental assault [ecology, Ireland, Irish, fuel, archaeology, anthropology, agriculture] 579. Turning a penal colony in modern Australia [Sydney, Botany Bay, cathedral, agriculture, water] 580. Vitruvius' ten volumes on technologies of the Roman world [Rome, architecture, Alexandria, Egypt, siege, war, invention, water organ, Ctsebios, Africa] 581. Anthony Michell, a gentle genius from the Australian bush [lubrication, invention, rotary engines, bearings] 582. Drilling deep into the Earth [geology, earthquakes, plate tectonics, well logging, oil wells, Moho] 583. Abelard and Heloise: a parable of creative transcendence [medieval religion, philosophy, poetry, monastery] 584. Appropriate technology: fitting the machine to the culture [design, anthropology, third world] 585. The new vision of cities: 1925 [urban sociology, architecture, buildings, construction, modern art] 586. Wilson's vision of an Ibsen play: Death takes a vacation. [theater, Stevens, art, artist, drama] 587. Alexander Graham Bell invents after the telephone. [invention, hydrofoil, kites, Keller, electricity, flight, Buckminster Fuller, geodesic dome, tetrahedron] 588. About Mozart, Beaumarchais, and the Marriage of Figaro [music, opera, theater, France, revolution, Caron, genius clock escapement, invention] 589. Gender and heart attack: medical sexism or medical realism? [medicine, disease, illness, risk, cholesterol] 590. Frederic Remington, naive maker of the Western American icon [art, sculpture, Spanish-American War, military, Custer, illustration, painting] 591. In which Virtual Reality takes control of our dreams [computers] 592. Shaping the Shaker gift of simplicity [religion, communal, communism, Civil War, architecture, design, buzz saw, table saw, clothespin, weaving, furniture, invention] 593. A 20th century trebuchet in Shropshire, England [invention, medieval war] 594. George & William Chaffey irrigate Mildura, Australia [irrigation, agriculture, electricity, California, farming] 595. George Perkins Marsh, a pioneering environmental scholar [ecology, camel, linguistics, philology, Vermont, pollution] 596. Corbusier invites the airplane to indict the city [architecture, construction, Milhaud, flight, transportation] 597. Archives in 2001: What's happening to information storage? [library, books, museums, science education, electronic, Gorman] 598. The Sforza Horse: Leonardo da Vinci's unmakable monument [art, sculpture, foundry, casting, Renaissance, women] 599. Florence Merriam Bailey: A pioneering American naturalist [birds, women, conservationist, ecology, ornithology] 600. Walking the Bayou: Thoughts about change and creativity [health, fitness, exercise, Schweizer, Gibbs] 601: Norman Heatley and the production of penicillin [Biochemistry, medicine, Fleming, Florey, Oxford, Moberg, antibiotics, chemistry, pharmaceuticals] 602. Blue Planet: IMAX lets us see Earth whole [art, environment, ecology, space] 603. Ambroise Pare studies birth defects in 1571 [Renaissance, medicine, surgery, biology, science] 604. Chirality: Pasteur learns about left-handed molecules [chirality, chemistry, science, Biot, light, polarization] 605. Alfred Nobel makes dynamite and wages peace [blasting gelatin, Kinsky, explosives, war, nitroglycerin, invention, Nobel Prizes, Sweden] 606. Did Newton really see an apple fall? [Principia, Leibnitz, Voltaire, du Chatelet, De Breteuil, calculus, mathematics, physics, gravity, invention, Candide] 607. Hi-technology windmills come to Kent in 1200 AD [England, Canterbury, Becket, windmills, water wheels, power generation, King Richard, King John, law, courts, litigation] 608. Collodion: yesterday's Band Aid, and a spur to invention [medicine, Hyatt, explosives, plastics, chemistry, Nobel, environment, synthetics, nylon, celluloid, Chardonnay, Pasteur, fibers] 609. The parents of invention: Pleasure and Freedom [prisons, Bunyan, Galois, Archimedes] 610. Paracelsus and Oporinus: The alchemist and the printer [Froben, Frobenius, Vesalius, magic, science, medicine, anatomy, alchemy, chemistry, books] 611. Drunk on ink: An invention you probably never thought about [writing, Egypt, chemistry, emulsion, printing, gum Arabic, Shakespeare, writing, books] 612. Godly Play: in which we wiegh the danger of humor [Berryman, religion, Medieval Church, Benedictine, monastic, reality, creativity, truth] 613. William Gilbert and de Magnetica [Kepler, Galileo, science, Sullivan, electricity, cosmology, Queen Elizabeth, alchemist, alchemy, electric field, physics] 614. Robert Fludd: the last alchemist [Paracelsus, Aristotle, Plato, alchemy, Galileo, Bacon, science, perpetual motion, Harvey, blood circulation] 615. Learning to fly: a reflection on learning to fail [invention, design, Wright Brothers, flight, transportation] 616. 19th century engravings tell us about invention and travel [automobile, car, transportation, flight, railroad, bicycle, engravings, woodcuts, lithography, art, magazines, submarines, ships, airplanes, gunboats, steamers] 617. Darwin: a racist champion of human rights [evolution, Tahiti, missionary, Lincoln, slavery, science, Black, Gould] 618. Black Americans and salt: a fable about racial superiority [medicine, heart disease, kidney, metabolism, anatomy, sugar, sickle cell anemia, Darwinian advantage, Diamond] 619. Rattlesnakes and other pit vipers: the Rolls-Royces among Reptiles [biology, zoology, sensors, invention, fear] 620. Phillis Wheatley: a Colonial slave prodigy writes poetry [Black women, Hancock, slavery, literature, Colonial America] 621. Alchemists bring magic to the theater and to modern science [theater, Jones, Jonson, Fludd, Dee, architecture, alchemy, Vitruvius, stagecraft] 622. Ignaz Semmelwies: the unhappy hero of birthing mothers [Hungary, Hungarian, medicine, germs, antiseptic, obstetrics, childbirth, Lister] 623. Drilling for Heat: Lord Kelvin's energy legacy [thermodynamics, engines, OTEC, evolution, geothermal energy, geology, science, power production, environment] 624. In which John Tyndall tries to find God in his physics [science and religion, philosophy of science] 625. The crossbow competes with guns and long bows -- and loses [military, armament, firearms, gunpowder, Hastings, catapult, long bow, Crecy, Pare, disarmament, arms] 626. Maria Montessori, harded-headed apostle of the child's mind [education, teaching, creativity, invention, religion, women] 627. The King, his mistress, Flamsteed, and Greenwich Observatory [astronomy, Columbus, St. Pierre, Wren, Hooke, Charles II] 628. On learning to print music [Gutenberg, Fust, Schoeffer, block printing, Haultin, musical scores, Ballard, Attaignant, movable type, typesetting] 629. Johann Gregor Mendel: the shy creator of modern genetics [peas, chromosomes, biology, zoology, Darwin, science] 630. John Joseph Merlin: The Ingenious Mechanick [Gainsborough, Johnson, Walpole, Bach, clockwork, perpetual motion, roller skate, robots, musical instruments, harpsichord, pianoforte, barrel organ, keyboards, Babbage] 631. In which knowledge flows out through an orifice [fluid mechanics, viscosity, preservation of knowledge] 632. Joseph Haydn, Primitivus Niemecz, and three barrel organs [Beethoven, mechanical, clockwork organs, music, revolution, Rationalism, Malzel] 633. The Gentleman's Magazine: the first magazine [Cave, Johnson, Franklin, journalism, printing, telegraph, submarine, electricity, Bach, Fulton] 634. About using our creative best to heal and influence 635. Furnace Town: An old smelter rises out of the rain [forced draft, steel, smelting, America, Widener, Nassawango, forced draft, iron, Maryland] 636. Gertrude Stein and the invention of the gear shift [women, Toklas, transmission, Stevens, syncromesh, Bendix, ambulance] 637. Leonardo da Vinci teaches us anatomy and he teaches us how to see [Harvey, dissection, medicine, art, painting] 638. David Bushnell/Dr. Bush invents the submarine [naval warfare, Turtle, American Revolution, navy, mines] 639. A Christmas greeting for 1991 [Rodenmeyer, Drake, hydrology, rainfall runoff, thermodynamics] 640. Aslihan Yener finds her tin birthright in ancient Turkey [tin, lead, silver, copper, bronze, metallurgy, archaeology, women, cuneiform, Yener, chemistry, isotopes, Anatolia, Assyria, art] 641. Visit to a junkyard: a lesson in preservation and prejudice [ecology, environment, automobile] 642. Tyndall, microbes, and the spontaneous generation of life [Mary Shelley, microbiology, bacteria, germs, physics, medicine, optics, light] 643. Hall Jackson, Colonial doctor [medicine, eye surgery, war, digitalis, dropsy, purple foxglove, heart disease] 644. The Peerless gas odorizer: the not-so-sweet smell of success [New London explosion, Cronkite, disasters, natural gas, industrial safety, accidents, inventions] 645. Sarton and the sensate source of modern experimental science [Sarton, women, deSolla Price, Lavoisier, Galvani, chemistry, electric battery, steam engine, history of science, poetry, literature, philosophy of science, thermodynamics] 646. Babbage, Ada, and Babbage's 19th century computer legacy [difference engine, analytical engine, Ada Byron, calculator, mathematics, women] 647. An old magazine still borrows from Europe, but not for long [magazine, periodical, America, Dickens, diet, car, nutrition, steam automobile, boiler, transportation, technology transfer] 648. Orville Wright and Amelia Earhart try to read flight's future [transportation, commercial airlines, seaplanes, women] 649. Gertrude Elion, Nobel Prize winning inventor of medicines [biochemistry, drugs, pharmaceuticals, Hitchings, cancer, chemotherapy, virus, women] 650. Luigi Salvaneschi and the deprofessionalization of business schools [liberal education, MBA, Forbes,] 651. No Furgeson's Rifles to save Furgeson, at King's Mountain [war, military tactics, American Revolution, South Carolina, guns, invention, Brown Bess muskets] 652. The Butterfly Effect: Edward Lorenz exposes chaos [Gleick, meteorology, weather, mathematics, initial conditions] 653. The Kronos Quartet teaches us about living in the present [musical composition, minimilism, invention, postmodern music] 654. X-rays promise infinite possibility in 1896 [Roentgen, cathode ray tubes, futurism, invention, science, medicine, radiation therapy, breast cancer] 655. Matthias Baldwin gives us locomotives, and a better world [transportation, America, steam power, steamboat, locomotive, Black sufferage, railway, woodblock printing, calico, textiles] 656. Modern medicine begins to take the shaman's herbs seriously [pharmaceutical, pharmacological, drugs, healing, folk medicine, Brazil rain forests, curare, Pacific Yew, Taxol] 657. Order out of Chaos: The computer takes us where mathematics could not [Second Law of Thermodynamics, computer, Jupiter, Melville] 658. Albrecht von Haller, troubled genius of 18th C physiology [anatomy, poetry, literature, medicine, Gottingen] 659. Percy Julian, grandson of a slave, invents pharmaceuticals [chemistry, Black, drugs, hormones, cortesone, DePauw, Glidden] 660. Inventing the future: a task of both inventor and consumer [invention, telephone, typewriter, Edison, phonograph, Watt, steam power, electronics, Akahabara] 661. Franz Schubert walks around the post-modernists [lieder music, German Romantic poetry, Schopper, homosexual, gay, literature, nature, Industrial Revolution, von Schlegel] 662. In which invention pre-empts expectation. [computer, library, information retrieval, information systems, serendipity, CD-ROM, HARLiC, Wilson] 663. The Zipper teaches us a lesson about design [Velcro, Judson, invention, clothing, Huxley, fasteners, Sundback] 664. Hezekiah builds a waterworks -- and he builds it well [Gihon Spring, water supply, Bible, Old Testament, Jerusalem, geology, Karst, Israel, Gill] 665. A walk through the Inventors Hall of Fame [Edison, Pasteur, Alvarez, Julian, Carver, Matzeliger, Elion, Bell, Wright, Marconi, Morse, McCormick, Whitney, Atanasoff, Carothers, Ford, Fermi, American patent, neoprene, nylon, Otto] 666. Wallace Carothers dies -- giving birth to nylon and neoprene [rubber, du Pont, organic chemistry, invention] 667. Dog-sledding the Iditarod in Alaska: The Last Great Race [transportation, athletics, sport] 668. Ivan Veniaminov, priest and engineer among the Aleut people [religion, Alaska, Russian, instrument making, churches, anthropology, ethnography, Native American, Indians, chess] 669. Baidarka -- Aleut kayak -- a marvel of boat design in bone, driftwood, and sealskin [Native American, transportation, boats, canoes, ethnography, anthropology, Indian, Dyson] 670. Goe and catche a falling starre: The Tunguska meteorite [Donne, asteroids, neutron bomb, comets, astronomy, poetry] 671. Your quiet place -- find it or die. [library, books, Yeats, Sartre, peace, poetry] 672. Why the reckless, or at least recklessNESS, survives [Darwinian selection, psychology, Konner, creativity, invention] 673. A dream of nuclear power -- overblown and slow in coming [atomic bomb, atom bomb, nuclear reactor, Hanford, journalism, Hiroshima, Seaborg, Laurence, Weinberg, Oppenheimer] 674. Tournament species or pair bond species: which are we? [anthropology, zoology, biology, gender, Bakhtiari, sex, Jaynes] 675. Abacus II: A drab little machine changes history [computer chips, integrated circuits, welding, calculators, Texax Instruments, production, manufacturing, robotics] 676. Alice Liddel and Charles Dodgson in Wonderland [Alice in Wonderland, photography, mathematics, psychology, literature, fantasy, children, Lewis Carroll] 677. Hero's steam turbine and modern atomic theory [science, alchemy, power production, steam engine, vacuum, Galileo, Torricelli, Boyle, Leonardo da Vinci, Alexandria] 678. James Watt, Joseph Black, and the separate condenser [steam engine, power, energy, design, thermodynamics, latent heat, specific heat, invention, Glasgow] 679. In which we build the last Heathkit [do-it-yourself, model building, Goldwater, Heath Company, computers, electronics] 680. Electronic information media: Swimming in the Ocean of the Stream of Stories [Rushdie, library science, information retrieval, journals, computers, books] 681. The Chudnovsky brothers scale the mountains of Pi [mathematics, computers, number theory, Russia, KGB, Preston] 682. In which Ole Roemer learns the speed of light in 1675 [astronomy, physics, Tyndall] 683. In which we weigh animal life against human life [vivisection, biology, medicine, insulin, diabetes, blood flow] 684. Midgely invents ethyl gas and Freon -- a Pyhrric triumph [Lowell, Kettering, Ethyl, Freon, chemistry, periodic table] 685. Vannevar Bush tries to predict our world in 1945 [digital computer, analog computer, analogue, NACA, future, information storage, library, books] 686. In the beginning: On recreating the earth [environmental, ecology, Copland, Bible, religion, Genesis] 687. A Gift of Books: on scrolls, codices, and Pergamon's Library [Rome, Egypt, Alexandria, Turkey, parchment, vellum, papyrus, Anthony, Cleopatra, Attalus, Attalid, Eumenes, writing, codex] 688. Willis Carrier wields the witchcraft that conditions our air [Milam Building, air conditioning, psychrometry, refrigeration, Newcomen Society] 689. Michael Servitus: the blood flow of a martyr [Tertullian, Galen, Paracelsus, alchemy, alchemists, Calvin, Protestant Reformation, Harvey, anatomy, medicine, religion] 690. Ginaca's machine gives Hawaii independence -- until it stops running [agriculture, Liliuokalani, food, production, Dole, design, tourism] 691. Francois Arago holds James Watt up as a model for French intellectuals [Napoleon, Ecole Polytechnique, science, Steam engines, production, Japan, power, productivity, Dickens, social reform] 692. In which the player piano plays counterpoint to our dreams [music, pianola, phonograph, Clark] 693. Rebuilding a child destroyed by silence: A parable of engineering design [psychology, linguistics, child abuse, language] 694. Hiram Maxim: a brilliant inventor plays at war [machine guns, armament, flight, invention, electric lighting, gas illumination] 695. John Ericsson: 19th century agent of creative change [Monitor and Merrimac, ironclad, steam engines, hot air engine, topographical mapping, solar energy, tidal energy, Sweden, screw propeller, Civil War, navy] 696. Menocchio the miller is caught in the printing revolution [Italy, Inquisition, religion, books, Decameron, cosmology, Bible, theology, big bang, Koran] 697. Queen Mary: an old old lady who still serves us [ships, navigation, transportation, ocean liners, Masefield, war, Spruce Goose] 698. Othmar Ammann defines 20th century bridge design [Verrazano Narrows, architecture, New York, Le Corbusier, functionalism, suspension bridges] 699. The Gaia Hypothesis: Mother Earth wears a human face [cosmology, ecology, biology, religion, Lovelock, Margulis, intelligence, geology, chemistry, spectroscopy, temperature] 700. In which we learn that life is instability [Gaia, biology, Wright Brothers, chemistry, thermodynamics, solar system, atmosphere, feedback control, freedom] 701. The Age of the Marvelous: An art exhibit tells of scientif- ic change [Renaissance, Platonism, Aristotle, science, Pare, Topsell, Galileo, Durer, opera, theater, Leonardo da Vinci, alchemy, printing press] 702. Trompe-l'oeil: in which 17th century artists show us that our eye can't always be trusted [Rembrandt, painting, Platonic, Aristotle, Zeuxis, alchemy, Leonardo da Vinci, Renaissance] 703. In which Leonardo da Vinci takes up embryology [anatomy, medicine, art, sex, reproduction, birth, Clark, Fabricius, procreation] 704. Arago, Humboldt, and Gay-Lussac set the course of 19th century science [astronomy, meteorology, balloons, slavery, geography, atmosphere, Liebig] 705. The ambulance: the spawn of necessity instead of invention [war, transportation, Larrey, McKinley, medicine, funeral, Barton] 706. A genetic search for the historical Eve [Gould, anthropology, mitochondria, biology, religion, Gaia] 707. Darwinian individualism, cooperation, and a lost bird [ecology, biology, zoology, Gaia, electronic communications, Hillel, Gould, competition, Japan, starlings] 708. The end of books? Maybe not. [library, computers, harpsichords, pianos, change, cars, automobiles, electronic media, information storage] 709. The US Constitution: A mirror of the Iroquois Nation [American Indians, Native Americans, government, Canassatego, constitution, political science, Franklin] 710. In which Franklin, Lavoisier, and Guillotin debunk Mesmerism [guillotine, magnetism, electricity, medicine, Mozart, Gould, healing, MRI] 711. In which Old Joe Camel get his nose under the tent [drugs, DiFranza, cigarettes, advertising, law, legal, courts, scientific method] 712. William James and Nathaniel Shaler: one remembered, one forgotten [Agassiz, Harvard, paleontology, Darwin, Gould, Kentucky, science, psychology, anthropology] 713. A look below the surface of a technical meeting [boiling, condensing, condensation, nuclear power, steam power, Japan, America, accidents, cold fusion] 714. The old school tie; interior change catches up with us [Berkeley, California, biology, sociology] 715. Communication and collaboration -- not the same thing [Schrage, Edison, Bohr, Franklin, Braque, Picasso, Crick, Watson, Monet, Renoir, trust] 716. Circling about to view Rodin and Rilke [sculpture, art, poetry, literature] 717. Harry Moseley: Explained the Periodic Tables, then died in war at 27 [military, particle physics, X-ray, WW-I, atom, radioactive, Rutherford, radiation] 718. Of engines, machines, and ingenuity: misunderstood words [etymology, literature, Chaucer, Scott, Le Corbusier, words] 719. QWERTY: the mindless invention of your computer keyboard [typewriter, evolution, Gould, invention] 720. Petr Kropotkin: a saintly naturalist and anarchist [Russia, Darwin, Huxley, biology, sociology, Marx, anarchy, political science] 721. In which Ray Dolby invents more than a hiss suppressor [electronics, acoustics, Indian music, tape recorders, digital] 722. Julius Robert Mayer: a tale of blood and energy conservation [medicine, first law of thermodynamics, Joule, physics, heat, energy, Tyndall, Rilke] 723. Computer dating: no prince charming, but a new community [networks, electronic communications, modem, Sorenson, e-mail] 724. A Swedish conference about creativity and context [sociology, geography, invention, Sigtuna, Sweden] 725. A second self or a joint self? You and your computer [Turkle, hacker, Pac-man, sociology] 726. Little yellow Post-its -- a footnote to invention [3-M, sales, office, merchandising, invention, Silver, Fry] 727. James Black, Joseph Black, upset stomachs, and Tagamet [medicine, Pharmacology, chemistry, invention, histamine, antihistamine, beta-blockers, cimetidine, antacid] 728. Gould contemplates the severed head of Lavoisier [France, French Revolution, Marat, Corday, science, chemistry, oxygen, Franklin, Lacepede, Lagrange] 729. Banting, MacLeod, Best, Collip (and more) create insulin [diabetes, Scott, Paulesco, medicine, pharmacology] 730. Design and visual cues: When words fail us 731. Coming up to speed on wooden race tracks [Oldfield, transportation, automobile, car, racing, Ford, Stanley Steamer, Prince, Runyan] 732. In which you help me teach a new thermodynamics class [information theory, entropy] 733. The Bay Psalter: Mrs. Glover and our country's first press [Colonial America, printing, Daye, Day, Dunster, Green, Indians, Pilgrims, religion, women, Bay Psalm Book] 734. The Discover invention awards: you make the choice [videophone, tires, recycled polyester plastics, computer] 735. The Peerless Gas Odorizer: a father's legacy to his son [natural gas leaks, accidents, ASME] 736. Was there a scriptorium at Buildwas Abbey? Probably. [book writing, scribes, Cistercians, indexing, pagination] 737. Crossing the Bonneville Salt Flats -- in 1846 and 1970 [Walker, pioneers, Lienhard, Salt Lake, racing cars, Gabelich, Campbell, Breedlove, Thompson, stock car, ecology, environment] 738. King Camp Gillette turns his Occam safety razor on human affairs [Lewis, Chase, Ford, Roosevelt, Metropolis, sociology, Utopian socialism, invention, Nickerson] 739. Benjamin Rush, idiosyncratic founder of American Psychiatry [medicine, psychology, Franklin, America, Declaration of Independence] 740. Rainbows, curve balls and other wonders of the natural world [physics, education, physical phenomena, boiling, bubbles] 741. Michael Faraday learns science in a book bindery [dyslexia, educational psychology, electricity, magnetism, Davy, Marcet, political economics, Africa, Maxwell, Tyndall, religion, Sandemanians] 742. Carlos Prieto: An engineer plays unaccompanied Bach [design, cello music, den Hartog, aeolian vibrations, MIT, Sarton] 743. The Rev. Mr. Robert Stirling and his hot air engine [music boxes, nonelectric fan, jet plane, jet engine, turbojet] 744. Mrs. Marcet, alias Mrs. B, teaches chemistry and pedagogy [Haldimand, thermal radiation, political economics, electrical, teaching, Faraday, women] 745. The lady cujus ingenium huad absurdum: a lesson in feminism [Sallust, Marcet, Latin, chemistry, political economics, women] 746. Rescuers of the holocaust: a parable about creative risk [Nazis, Wallenberg, Houseman, genocide, art museum] 747. Watching the Titanic sink: a lesson in objective science [ships, books, scientific method, psychology] 748. Inventing the telephone: Putting the user in the equation [telegraphy, Reis, Bell, Webb, monopoly, regulation, economics, communications, Sandburg] 749. Information and twilight of hierarchy [electronic networks, printing, books, patent and copyright law] 750. Louis Agassiz founders on evolution in the Galapagos [biology, Gould, James, Lowell, geology, creationism] 751. Actors use art to complete their story-telling [Caruso, painting, sculpture, Bellamy, Fonda, Laurie, Quinn, Falk, Woronov, Mostel, Winters, theater, movies, creativity film, Pickins, Beery, Bowie, Warhol, psychology] 752. In which Spanish doctors try to understand Aztec medicine [Cortez, pharmacology, Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Phillip II, Bravo, sarsaparilla, Lopez de Hinojosis, Farfin, herbs, religion] 753. Gutenberg: borrowing for twenty years to invent movable type [Gensfliesch, printing, books, Dritzehn, Fust, Schoeffer, books] 754. IF HARMONY IS WHAT YOU CRAVE THEN GET A TUBA BURMA-SHAVE [advertising, marketing, consumers, shaving] 755. About luck, recognition, and invention [creativity, Post-its, Watt, chemical processes, steam engines, Pasteur, Burma-Shave] 756. In which Medieval Europe invents Johann Gutenberg [block printing, movable type, scriptoria, manuscripts, Abelard, Benedictine and Cistercian monks, universities, sheepskin, parchment, vellum, paper, Chinese, books] 757. Semaphore telegraphy: a grand technology, long forgotten [Western Union, pony express, war, Hooke, France, England, communications, Morse] 758. Railway wheels made of paper: How we lost our nerve [transportation, railroad trains, composite materials, Pullman] 759. Heloise: logic, passion, and mastering life after Abelard [religion, philosophy, Catholic Church, Benedictine, women, psychology] 760. Galileo, Newton, and a mathematical smokescreen [Aristotle, witchcraft, Principia, science, physics, Church] 761. On awe, solar eclipses, and a new metaphor for creativity [astronomy, Milton, moon] 762. William Kelly doesn't quite get the drop on Henry Bessemer [iron, steel, metallurgy, Kentucky, Drew] 763. Cyrano de Bergerac, writer of science fiction [moon, Donne, [Galileo, Gassendi, Rostand, astronomy, literature, science] 764. Werner von Braun transcends the heritage of the V-2 [rocketry, Congreve, war, Nazi, Tsiolkovsky, Oberth, Goddard, jet propulsion, moon, spacecraft, military] 765. Gustave Eiffel builds a Tower, a vision, and still more [architecture, construction, structures, bridges, ironwork, Bloy, deMaupassant, radio, aerodynamics, Wright Brothers] 766. The American farm windmill: hi-tech fruit of 40 years work [agriculture, power generator, Wheeler, Burnham, Halladay, Perry, Chicago World's Fair] 767. Practical French medicine takes root in the American North [doctors, nurses, surgeons, Pare, midwives, medical education, Plutarch, Canada, insulin, Osler, Cartier, Colonial] 768. 120 years of flight gives birth to the Wright Brothers [Jeffries, Blanchard{'s balloon}, dirigible, Robertson, Lougheed, Lockheed, airplane, transportation] 769. Paper clips: an adventure in elegance and design simplicity [Vaaler, Middlebrook, Gem, invention] 770. Christmas Eve 1992 -- the night when the animals speak [folklore, Ritchie, Revels, American Revolution, music] 771. A tale of two balloons, 188 years apart [Robertson, dirigible, invention, Newman, design, flight, transportation, Quixote, parachutes] 772. Percy Collins and Cyrus Field race to forge a telegraph link [Atlantic cable, Alaska, Siberia, Russia, communications] 773. William Godwin's logical lament on the death of Mary Wollstonecraft [Blake, anarchy, revolution, Paine, Romantic poetry, feminism, women, Shelley, Frankenstein] 774. In which William Beaumont gazes into Alexis St. Martin's stomach [medicine, surgery, Fulton, physiology, digestion, anatomy] 775. The Throwing Madonna: Reflections on women and technology in pre-history [archaeology, anthropology, stone age, primate biology] 776. Carbon-14 rearranges history -- especially along the muddy Danube [archaeology, chemistry, radiocarbon dating, Lepenski Vir] 777. Slide-rules and word processors: Adapting to technological change [computers, calculators, electronic communications networks, e-mail] 778. Bandar-log and otters: of altruism and community [Kipling, Darwin, biology, sociology, psychology, India] 779: Balloon-frame houses: the first unique American architecture [Chicago, construction, Taylor, Snow, houses] 780: Old scientific instruments and modern engineering design [medicine, surgery, war, wounds, astronomy, microscopes, transits, sundials] 781: In which Josquin des Pres explains the meaning of "error" [musicology, Chaucer, DNA, Thomas, engineering design, counterpoint, biology, etymology] 782: Audrey Hepburn: Prepared to risk when there's nothing left to lose [movies, film, hunger, starvation, food, age, women, aging, Africa, Somalia, geriatrics, creativity] 783: Flatland and Hilbert Space: The allegory and the reality [mathematics, sociology, literature, religion, geometry, relativity, fourth dimension, Einstein] 784: Topiary: Another kind of living animal [botany, landscape, landscaping, sculpture, art, sculpture] 785. William Caxton takes printing to England -- and to her people [Margaret Duchess of Burgundy, manuscripts, explicits, scribes, writing, Gutenberg] 786. The Stereoscope: virtual reality in 1851 [Baudelaire, Arago, Wheatstone, Brewster, stereopticans, Daguerreotype, Crystal Palace] 787. Stereotype and fine type: William Ged and William Caslon [Linotype, fonts, Boyer, printing, France, England] 788. The subterranians: surfing the new computer networks [communications, electronic media, psychology, sociology] 789. In which an abundance of wood shapes America [axe, iron, coke, smelting, ship building, interchangeable parts, clocks, railroads, ecology] 790. 1,911 Best things Anybody ever Said: The creative lurch [Chesterton, Rogers, Shaw, Mencken, Robinson, Berra, Lamarr, West, humor, Sheehan, Coward, Thoreau, Edison, Wilde, Goethe, Ghandi, Rockefeller, Green] 791. Alois Senefelder, a laundry list, and lithography [printing, intaglio, woodcut] 792. Thomas Jefferson, the generous Colonial American engineer [Franklin, Monticello, plow, library, Fulton, patent, navy,] 793. Thomas Edison's season in the sun at Menlo Park [electric light, phonograph, telegraph, inventions, dynamo, Pearl Street Station, power] 794. In which Ellen Swallow Richards brings women into MIT [education, home economics, sanitary engineering, chemistry] 795. John Ericsson fails three times, and we all profit [navy, Civil War, Stirling hot air engine, ship design, screw propeller, heat transfer, invention] 796. A Renaissance church: first fruit of Leonardo's new architectural eye [architecture, geometry, da Vinci, one-point, perspective, Rhiems, camera obscura, drafting, Villiard de Honnecourt] 797. Alcuin, Charlemagne, and the invention of modern education 798. The Ik do not sing: reflections on music and community [anthropology, sociology, Bartok, Africa, Thomas, Turnbull] 799. In which mimetic architecture speaks to the automobiles [California, transportation, advertising, communication] 800. A medieval groom teaches his young wife -- and us as well [household, housewife, plague, diet, food, feminism, hourglass, writing, literacy, sociology, women, domestic] 801. I try to reconcile courtesy and political correctness [Aztec, racial prejudice, race, feminism, precolumbian, sociology, Native American] 802. Blueprint: the thing in the mind and the thing in the world [reproduction, design, drafting, Ozalid, mechanical drawing, Herschel, Hoover Dam] 803. Helen Keller: love, language, and self-awareness [socialism, Carnegie, Sullivan, blind, handicap, deaf, Holmes, Whittier, psychology, women, linguistics] 804. Learning about two kinds of doctor, on the computer nets [Paracelsus, alchemy, Plato, Aristotle, books, German, medicine] 805. The sky: a most excellent, but most fragile, canopy [ecology, geophysics, chemistry, atmosphere, Shakespeare] 806. Medicine, the youngest science: recalling what's forgotten [pharmaceuticals, Osler, Banting, insulin, syphilis, Minot, tuberculosis, heart failure, hospital, psychology] 807. Dromedary camels in Texas, a lost ecological experiment [Marsh, Jefferson Davis, Smithsonian Institution, military, army, dromedary, Civil War, Mexican American War, cavalry] 808. Medieval furniture: reflections on privacy and comfort [domestic, household, sociology, etymology] 809. Jan van Eyck: a Dutch master emerges 200 years too soon [art, painting, Renaissance, Gutenberg, music, Dufay, Okeghem, Josquin, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Medieval, printing, humanism] 810. In which we let our lives be defined in an instant [Bly, Eichhorn, nuclear power, Lienhard, creativity, pressure] 811. Victorian working women disturb a Victorian gentleman [Munby, labor, coal mining, servants, psychology, sociology] 812. Running dogs and Thomas Jefferson help us invent comfort [interior design, domestic, home, Rybczynski, psychology] 813. Thomas Jefferson falls in love, and gives Monticello its dome [Cosway, painting, art, architecture, invention, America, Williamsburg, France, Colonial, music] 814. Charles and Ray Eames recreate furniture in a child's world [architecture, art, interior design, sculpture, children's toys, play, furniture, chairs, Saarinen] 815. In which a bag-lady spells out my fears [Butcher, poverty, sociology, dog sleds, city] 816. Imitating Osage Orange: The story of barbed wire [farming, agriculture, American West, invention] 817. Thomas Hodgkin's fight against disease and social injustice [medicine, pathology, slavery, Canadian Indians, Quakers] 818. The porch glider: America looks outward for a season [interior design, architecture, comfort, motion sickness, inner ear, Frank Lloyd Wright] 819. Inventing the word panvention -- to describe what we all do [invention, slide rule] 820. The shotgun house: an African technology, more important than you thought [Black, architecture, sociology, slavery] 821. In which Walker Percy finds a critic he can trust [literature, Kauffmann, Agee, Conroy, The Moviegoer, Kierkegaard] 822. Medieval armories in late 19th century American cities [National guard, military, strikes, architecture, armory, castles] 823. The PWA shapes 21st century America -- a different view of government spending [welfare, socialism, Hoover Dam, Holland Tunnel, music education, architecture, sanatoriums, Chaffey, construction] 825. The Invention of the Gothic cathedral: Suger and St. Denis [architecture, Cluny, Bernard, theology, religion] 824. The Scopes trial: a sinister cloud behind a comic opera [anthropolgy, evolution, Bryan, Darrow, creationism, intolerance, Dayton] 826. Muybridge, Marey, and the problem of picturing motion [motion pictures, medicine, measurement, biomechanics, Stanford, cameras, biomedical, horses] 827. German Zeppelins achieve failure in their success over London [war, airships, airplanes, flight, bombing, transportation] 828. In which Somerville and Marcet open English science to women [Babbage, Ada Byron, Arago, Gay-Lussac, Biot, Laplace, celestial mechanics, geology, mathematics] 829. Jurassic Park: The quiet message hidden in the book [dinosaurs, DNA, mathematics, choas, evolution, movies, ecology, environment, literature] 830. Derelict Japanese junks crossing the Pacific Ocean [ships, shipping, navy, Perry, Indian, colonization, etymology, survival, navigation] 831. In which the invention of tubes for oil paints changes art [painting, Van Gogh, cameras, impressionists, alchemy, medicine, pharmacology, impasto, invention] 832. "Breaking Frames:" About technology and art taking society apart and putting it back together again [Romanticism, textiles, steam power, Darwin, Wordsworth, information revolution, boiler explosions] 833. Fermat's Last Theorem: Where can we go from the mountaintop? [mathematics, Pythagoras Theorem, Taniyama, algebra, Wiles] 834. In which we create a bird's eye view of a new land [lithography, printing, art, perspective, American West] 835. Peter Cooper: Inventor, eqalitarian, rich man, educator, political figure, and still more [Hewitt, Fulton, Lincoln, slavery, railway, Thom Thumb, Civil War, Cooper Union, library, education] 836. The brief day of the cast iron building [Haviland, Bogardus, Derby, Coalbrookdale, Chicago Fire, architecture, art, elevators, skyscrapers, Swinbourne, Ruskin] 837. Diocles' parabolic mirror -- in an old Arabic book [Archimedes, burning mirror, geometry, mathematics, Toomer, solar tower, optics, solar energy] 838. The Armory Art Show and 20th century revolution [modern painting, sculpture, unions, armory, impressionist] 839. Hooke and Boyle: a parable about appearance and substance [science, Wren, optics, religion, Aubrey] 840. The cloths of heaven: about a 9000 year old rag [fabric, textile, neolithic, agriculture, weaving, clothing, Yeats, flax, carbon dating, spinning] 841. The tidal wave of technological change [electronic revolution, fluid mechanics, tectonics, printing, books, telephone, mechanical calculators, tsunami] 842. In which John James Audubon is redeemed by his birds [art, painting, ornithology, zoology, biology, nature, Cuvier, France, French Revolution] 843. George Catlin: A Gift, a wound, a historical recored [Native American Indians, Audubon, art, painting, anthropology] 844. Eugene Goldbeck's panoramas: seeing out the corner of our eye [photography, optics, art, perspective, peripheral vision] 845. Of wood saws, kerf, and sawdust [lumber, logging, Shakers, Tabitha, circular saw] 846. Harington's John: in which an Elizabethan poet invents the flush toilet [Ariosto, sanitary engineering, literature, Elizabeth, Henry VIII, feedback control, plumbing, technology] 847. Mathematics, subtlety, and a world of open questions [pipeline, stress analysis, chaos, Butterfly Effect, viscous fluid flow, fluid mechanics, Jurassic Park, engineering] 848. Miasma: bad air, night air, fresh air, mosquitoes and disease [air quality, medicine, Snow, Koch, Pasteur, Lister, Tyndall, malaria, yellow fever, typhoid, cholera, water quality, architecture, porches, James, literature] 849. Tunneling underneath our anger [Shakespeare, France, England, Chunnel, Tso, Chinese, China, construction, psychology, subways] 850. Underground: a secret world of tunnel and tubes [Macaulay, sewers, subways, pilings, foundations, construction] 851. A hole in the head: high-tech stone age surgery [trepanning, trephining, Neolithic skulls, anthropology, medicine, healing, archaeology] 852. In which the First Little Pig builds a house of straw [construction, building, house, housing, ecology, insulation] 853. Mary Shelley tells how Frankenstein came to her troubled sleep [literature, Byron, Shelley, Erasmus Darwin, Romantic, women, invention, creativity, horror] 854. The New York Times Science Section: a ray of hope [rockets, composite materials, ecology, environmental, women, biology, Native Americans, Indians, Foe, embryology, science] 855. The tunnel metaphor: a way out [tunnelling, Heinlein, Sartre, quantum mechanics, subways, electrons, atomic physics] 856. In which the false Martin Guerre improves on the original [Arnaud, France, Sommersby, literature, Bertrande, law] 857. The mad parallel roads of Glen Roy teach us about science [Tyndall, geology, science, epistemology, Darwin, Agassiz, Scotland, glaciers, glacial, geography] 858. In which a sorry ruling by the Department of Education says that theses are private student records [Luther, dissertations, thesis, teaching] 859. An elevator to Heaven replaces rockets [space travel, transportation, science fiction, Clarke, engineering design, invention, materials, astrophysics] 860. Mail-order houses: the balloon frame goes mad [construction, architecture, design, Victorian era, Taylor] 861. Punctuated evolution and punctuated human history [Gould, paleontology, evolution, biology, sociology] 862. In which Max Brodel draws the inside of the human body [medicine, artists, anatomy, physiology, Mencken, sonogram] 863. Mary Anning's dragon in the cliff changes natural history [paleontology, geology, fossils, biology, women, Darwin] 864. The door lock: ongoing innovation more than invention 865. Raising Galveston above the sea [Texas, urban, flooding, civil engineering, dams, construction, hurricanes, gales, floods] 866. We watch a bird designing and using a tool [biology, zoology, anthropology, Thomas, ornithology, invention] 867. Hannah Ropes and Louisa May Alcott help invent nursing [Stanton, Civil War, medicine, hospital, literature, women, anesthesia, Nightingale] 868. In which women Romantic poets alter the game [Shelley, Lamb, Nairne, Wordsworth, Byron, Coleridge, Blake, Burns, literature, poetry] 869. The American Centennial issue of Manufacturer and Builder [magazines, science and technology, machinery, oleo margarine, Twain, 1876 Philadelphia Exhibition, metric system, Edison, Darwin, Bell, telephone, Scientific American] 870. In which Union artillery redefines Confederate fortifications [war, forts, Sumter, Civil War, armament, cannons, castles] 871. The axe, the riverboat, and the American locomotive go West [steamboat, railroad trains, deforestation, ecology, safety, transportation, wood working] 872. Julia Morgan: an architect gives California its personality [women, design, San Francisco earthquake, Hearst, San Simeon] 873. Raising Gustavus Adolphus' Vasa after 331 years [navy, warships, Mayflower, Sweden, cannon, wrecks, salvage, diving bells, Treileben, Franzen] 874. H.L. Mencken tells us why TV couldn't replace newspapers [literature, books, technological change, Gresham's Law] 875. The Prisoners' Dilemma -- and our own moral dilemma [philosophy, psychology, ethics] 876. In which we rebuild the Ise Shrine for the 60th time [Japan, Japanese, Shinto, architecture, religion] 877. Of mentors and servants: Will books survive the electronic communications media? [library, libraries, print, paper, technological change] 878. "Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women:" Stage trickery [theater, Johnson, intelligence, spectacles] 879. In which Charles Babbage improves on Tennyson's poetry [Barrett, browning, computers, difference engine, Ada Byron, Lord Byron, Romantic poetry, calculation] 880. Alice Boole Stott explores hyperspace on a kitchen table [mathematics, hypergeometry, women, fourth dimension, G.I. Taylor] 881. Will digital clocks win out over clocks with hands and faces? [timepieces, technological change, silverware, Lear, Thomas] 882. In which Samuel Smiles tutors two young capitalist 883. Let a smile be your umbrella -- it really works! [Hamlet, Duchenne, La Rochefoucauld, Ekman, neurology, physiology, psychology, phrenology] 886. How we forgot lawn mowers and let them eat up the environment [landscape architecture, ecology, grass] 885. Mercator gives us a new way of seeing Earth whole [geography, printing, geometry, religion, reformation, Italic] 886. Robert Shaw and Wilford Owen remind me that there is always war [choral music, poetry, literature, Bosnia, Britten, Yugoslavia] 887. What makes a masterpiece? [Clark, art, technology] 888. Leonardo da Vinci's lost invention of the modern bicycle [art] 889. Ortelius' market-driven invention of the first Atlas [cartography, geography, printing, engraving, Mercator, information systems] 890. Thoughts on a "Life Clock" and a prime minister in a cesspool [Havel, psychology, literature] 891. Maria Martin, early American naturalist and Audubon artist [biology, science, women, Bachman, painting, zoology] 892. On memorization and making creative connections [Montessori, learning, educational psychology] 893. A copper plate engraver creates the American Indian [printing, anthropology, Mercator, Inquisition, De Bry, DeBry, travelogue, engraving] 894. In which the Chinese invent paper, and printing with movable type [Gutenberg, Tsai Lun, Pi-Cheng] 895. A 19th C. handbook puts modern engineering in perspective [civil engineering, construction, Lackawanna] 896. John Dee, Queen Elizabeth's agent 007 [alchemy, occult, Queen Mary, Drake, Spanish Armada, spying] 897. Joseph Wright of Derby paints rationalism into a corner [painting, Watt, Wedgwood, Erasmus Darwin, Gothic art, alchemy] 898. Edible knowledge: Can we learn by eating instead of studying? [biology, zoology, psychology, McConnel, Ungar, science] 899. In which we refuse to ask a lovely moment to linger a while [Faust, Goethe, Romantic poetry, technology, psychology, Blake, Erie Canal, Thames Tunnel] 900. We listen as Jane Marcet teaches masculine economy to young ladies [economics, Adam Smith, Mentor, capitalism, authorship, women] 901. First link in a long chain: William James studies machine design [Agissiz, psychology, religion, philosophy, Dionysius Lardner, mechanics, catenary curve, suspension bridge, Harvard] 902. In which we watch 30 children in an out-of-date museum [zoology, botany, paleontology, education, Gould, Harvard] 903. White Tower/Castle: architecture and five cent hamburgers [food, nutrition, economics, the Great Depression] 904. Women take up cameras to photograph within and without [Niepce, Daguerre, Brigman, Johnston, art, sociology] 905. In which Maxwell discovers what Faraday had seen [mathematics, electricity, magnetism, dislexia] 906. George Stubbs and Leonardo's ghost: of horses and anatomy [art, anatomy, Burton, forceps, midwifery, Gothic art, dissection, physiology, painting, Darwin] 907. Tiny Houses: A strangely compelling architectural sidetrack [Shaw, Thoreau, ice hut, cabin, San Francisco Earthquake, psychology, Anthony, architecture] 908. The Carousel, the Roller Coaster, and Ferris' great Wheel [amusement parks, Coney Island, Chicago Columbia Exposition, Bartholomew Fair, Jonson, Midway] 909. Jongleurs and the fading of memory [troubadors, Anselm, Plato, reading, writing, psychology] 910. In which Toledo's library redirects Western science [Aristotle, El Cid, Arab, books, logic, Abelard, religion, Spain, law, scientific method] 911. Richard Dadd produces perfectly sane art -- in a madhouse [painting, Pre-Raphaelites, Blake, psychology, psychiatry] 912. Thomas Nast: a knight in white (if ink-stained) armor [cartoonist, journalism, Tweed, Tammany Hall, Civil War, art] 913. C.S. Lewis gives us an object lesson in medieval history [Tolkien, religion, philosophy, literature, teaching] 914. Socrates, and the technologies of democracy, in the Agora [Greece, Athens, random selection, Acropolis, Parthenon, philosophy, Rockefeller] 915. In which power and gold shape California [Sutter, Lienhard, Marshall, water wheel, Pelton wheel, metallurgy, Watt, Boulton, Boswell] 916. Paper and CD-ROM encyclopedias shoot it out. Who wins? [electronic communications, library, Encyclopaedia Britannica, sales, selling, marketing, information] 917. On human driven animal extinctions -- in the Stone Age [anthropology, paleolithic, ecology, environment, Darwin] 918. Fanny Burney: the conservative voice of 18th C feminism [Wollstonecraft, literature, revolution, Paine, Wedgwood, Priestley, feminism, medicine, mastectomy, women] 919. On keeping touch with 3-dimensional reality in the pointillist world of the electronic media [computers, printed books, slide-rule] 920. Voltaire and Diderot: a sad tale of sexist revolutionaries [literature, encyclopedia, Emilie Breteuil, women, feminism] 921. The motorcycle: a metaphor for motion and menace [transportation, internal combustion, Otto, Daimler, bicycle, Harley-Davidson, flight, automobiles] 922. Watt's time of ashes: 1769 to 1776 [steam engines, Scotland, Roebuck, Boswell, Boulton, Johnson] 923. Elizabeth Fleischmann takes up radiology in the old West [X-rays, Roentgen, California, military medicine, radiography, war, women] 924. Two women: America's first and last Colonial Printers. [printing, Jefferson, tobacco, American Revolution, Rind, Glover] 925. An odd revolution coming out of modern museums [harpsichords, art, education, teaching, computer] 926. Northrup's pants and spats resist retractable landing gear [flight, airplanes, transportation, cowls, design, selection, Boeing, Earhart, Post, Lockheed, aerodynamics] 927. The Wright Brothers manage to fly when everyone else fails [flight, transportation, invention, stability, control, airplane] 928. Lienhard's Principles of Minimum and Maximum Drama [psychology] 929. What Gage lost when a rod was driven through his brain [neurology, medicine, psychology, imaging, anatomy, Harlow, morality, Domasio] 930. Our national anthem celebrating India's rocketry [Congreve, armaments, music, Akbar, naval warfare, ordnance] 931. Pioneer Village: a paean to progress in Nebraska [history museum, Warp, post-modern] 932. In which Martin Frobisher looks for the Northwest Passage [Drake, cartography, geography, sailing ships, navigation, Dee, Baffin Island, gold, Inuit Indians, risk] 933. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin builds molecular structures from Byzantine patterns of dots [chemistry, archaeology, X-ray radiology, Thatcher, Bernal, Pauling, penicillin, vitamin B12, insulin, women, Nobel Prize, arthritis] 934. Ullage in a pen -- more than the eye is ready to see [art history, NASA rocketry, anatomy, design, vision] 935. In which a Wittenberg Bible rises out of the dung-heap [Library, Luther, religion, conservation of books, Lithuania, WW-II, Russia, translation, women, Humanism] 936. War gliders: the brief day of a imperfect technology [flight, D-Day, WW-II, Maginot Line, military tactics] 937. A gathering mood of secrecy muzzles Glenn Seaborg [AEC, NRC, DOE, secrets, security, freedom, paranoia] 938. Who changes the world? Joining the Information Revolution [electronic communications, computers, books] 939. Learning to move obelisks, like the ancients did routinely [shipping, archaeology, Egyptian, Roman] 940. The once and future railway [steam locomotive, transportation, magnetic levitation, railroad, Dionysius Lardner] 941. Titanic on I-MAX: the wrong medium delivers an odd message [oceanography, international cooperation, deep sea diving, submarines, movies, cinema, art, technology] 942. Medieval masons give us another view of mathematics [cathedrals, architecture, geometry, drafting, construction] 943. Arabella Buckley Fisher's fairyland of 19th century science [education, textbooks, women, optics, biology, Lyell, Darwin, evolution, Maxwell] 944. The Duesenberg brothers build a car to remember -- a real doozy [automobiles, car, Mason, Maytag, internal combustion engines, Gable, Cooper, design, races, Cord, design] 945. The Best and Worst of Everything in America [education, sports, anthropology, sociology, war] 946. In which Ludwig Boltzmann chooses the wrong hill to die upon [kinetic theory, mathematical physics, transport theory, time, mental illness, psychology, thermodynamics, Maxwell, Einstein, quantum mechanics, Heisenberg] 947. The disturbingly human nature of animals [biology, behavioral science, psychology, ornithology, zoology] 948. A 25th anniversary reflection upon the moon landing [astronomy, space flight, Apollo missions, NASA, Clark, Shelley, Khayyam, Gilbert, Thoreau] 949. On trying to fathom the electronic revolution from within it [information media, libraries, books, computer, steam power, water power, technological change, gopher servers] 950. Natural philosophy and liberal education forget Jane Marcet, and they diverge. But physics remembers. [Comstock, Lardner, mechanics, James, science education, women, textbooks, teaching] 951. Realism in art comes and goes, and leaves the physionotrace [Leonardo da Vinci, Jefferson, pantograph, perspective, camera obscura, Durer] 952. The first eight women wih Harvard MBAs: a spotty legacy [business school, gender equity] 953. John Wise delivers the first air mail in 1859 -- after a fashion [ballooning, aeronautics, transportation, flight, wine, Indiana] 954. Moses Austin, the American lead industry, and Texas [Stephen F. Austin, metallurgy, shot towers, Missouri] 955. The realm of the senses: an alien land, nearer than we think [psychology, Sitwell, Lawrence, Rilke, Rodin, Picasso, Auden, taste, touch, smell, hearing, vision] 956. Vesalius' wandering wood blocks: one last printing [medicine, anatomy, block printing, art] 957. In which we diminish a good engineer by praising him [Seban, heat transfer, Berkeley, education] 958. Chartres Cathedral: A wordless library of stone and glass [architecture, stained glass, medieval religion, art, library, sculpture, literacy, Bible, Gothic Cathedrals] 959. Under sensate assault in France [art, architecture, Louvre, Rouen Cathedral, museums] 960. Reading technological history in old Syrian skeletons [archaeology, anthropology, agriculture, ceramics, weaving, pottery, teeth, grinding grain, querns] 961. In which Henry Ford forgets how he got there [automobiles, cars, transportation, Rivera, assembly line, unions, production, Greenfield Village] 962. Modern windmills: picking up where the 18th century left off to meet our energy needs [power production, economy, environment, propellers] 963. How General Santa Anna went on from the Alamo to create the American chewing gum industry [frankincense, resin, tension, invention, psychology, serotonins, rubber, chicle, sapodilla, Adams] 964. Maria the Jewess: chemical process engineer [Zosimos, Zosimus, alchemy, silver sulfide, niello, brewing, chemistry, Alexandria Egypt] 965. Some critical thoughts on feminism, anorexia, and self-esteem [Sommers, Greer, Friedan, AAUW, gender feminists, women, psychology, sociology] 966. Continuity of form where the user meets the machine: the indestructible user interface [design, mechanical clock, water clock, quartz crystal, electrical clock, movable type, printed books, Gutenberg] 967. Isaac Newton: public scientist and secret alchemist [Price, Boyle, alchemy, transmutation, nuclear fusion, chemistry, mercury, gold, Newtonian mechanics] 968. Belva Lockwood: 1st woman presidential candidate -- and more [women, law, government, equal rights, Cleveland, Grant, education, suffrage, minority, Black, Indian, Cherokee] 969. William James Sidis, the most intelligent, and saddest, child [Harvard, psychology, Rice, genius, prodigy, education, Weiner, Sessions, mathematics, physics, Chandresekhar] 970. The stethoscope lets 19th century doctors read symptoms -- and keep their distance at the same time [medicine, medical instruments, Laennec, Hippocrates] 971. Maya Lin: a cool young girl designs the Vietnam Memorial [architecture, sculpture, women, Eiffel Tower, Perot] 972. In which I spend 24 hours sorting out an award [Berkeley, Tien, Chiao] 973. Richard Owen figures out the kink in Ichthyosaurus' tail [archaeology, geology, natural science, Darwin, evolution] 974. A visit to the fire station [fire fighting museum, Beaumont, pumps, disasters, Chronkite, New London, explosions, earthquakes] 975. Gas stations: a fading American icon [transportation, gasoline pumps, Ford, mimetic architecture, automobiles, service] 976: In which cats paint pictures [modern art, animal psychology, Van Gogh, satire] 977. Norbert Wiener: thoughts on feedback control and human control [Sessions, Tufts, Harvard, cybernetics, psychology, robotics] 978. Grain elevators: a new wind in American architecture [Le Corbusier, agriculture, silos, farming] 979. Ishmael: a telepathic gorilla offers to save the earth [ecology, anthropology, religion, environment, Genesis, Bible] 980. The G.I. Bill draws a whole generation back into the mainstream of American life [education, government spending, military, handicaps] 981. The Library of Congress: how just over 3000 volumes shaped America in 1812 [books, printing, librarianship, cataloging, Jefferson, Madison, government] 982. Watching microwave transmission towers forming a new metaphor for the communications age [electricity, antennas, AM radio, FM radio, television] 983. John Forbes Nash Jr. shows us that paranoid schizophrenia is a surmountable illness [psychiatry, Nobel Prize, psychology, game theory, economics, mathematics, von Neuman] 984. In which energy-efficiency breeds energy consumption [ecology, environment, steam engines, coal, Jevons] 985. A gentle entomologist unleashes an ideological fire storm [biology, sociology, sociobiology, Wilson, genetics, ants, literature, Pulitzer Prize] 986. Thoughts on time, timelessness, and Anonymous-4 for X-mas 1994 [Medieval music, Erasmus, Plague, mechanical clock, cathedrals, Christmas, books, manuscripts, mazes, history] 987. William J. Powell seeks racial equity in the skies [Black, transportation, race, flying, airplanes, flight, war, military, Tuskegee Airmen, Coleman] 988. The remarkable tale of Bessie Coleman, first Black woman to fly [Black women, flight, flying airplanes, race, Texas] 989. Was there once a first language? [linguists, linguistics, Indo-European language, anthropologists] 990. A book on Emile Berliner speaks a language he helped to kill [gramophone, phonograph, microphone, electric communication, Edison, Bell, telephone, electricity, Hemingway, Fahlberg, saccharine, Victorola, sound transmission] 991. The invention of the hospital [medicine, hospice, Nightingale, Franklin, health care, Cortes] 992. What were people saying about the new printed books in 1490? [Gutenberg, computers, Brant, printers, movable type, technological change, Erasmus] 993. Sundials: 3500 years of a very durable instrument [time keeping, instruments, Egypt, astronomy] 994. Manhole covers: the secret cousins of coins [iron, sewers, cities, urban architecture] 995. How shopping carts changed us [retailing, food, business, commerce, invention, Goldman] 996. The friendly, loathsome, little medicinal maggot [medicine, biology, entomology, biology, antibiotics, Sherman] 997. Gene Bullard and his SPAD: The first Black pilot [WW-I, flight, war, military, airplanes] 998. Treacherous Mt. Washington and its safe old cog railway [meteorology, sport, mountain climbing, weather, risk] 999. The invention of eyeglasses ca. 1286, and the rise of reading [Gutenberg, optics, medieval, Arabic science, printing, books] 1000. Reflections on Episode No. 1000: A long road to optimism [society, social attitudes, technology, politics] 1001. Richard Burton and Shahrazad: both bargaining for life with a thousand and one stories [exploration, literature, Arabian Nights, Moslem, Mormon, LDS, Nile, travel, Victorian, Shaherazad] 1002. The ladies club: Soviet women pilots who survived WW-II [military airplanes, war, flight, Russia, aircraft] 1003. Engrossing -- and dramatizing -- the US Constitution [printing, government, political science, Washington, Franklin, law, legal documents] 1004. The not-so-secret Norden bombsight [WW-II, secrecy, [war, bombing, bombers, flight, Sperry, military tactics] 1005. Who owns time? Thoughts on creativity and timelessness [water clocks, Jesuit missionaries, China, psychology] 1006. Discovering Neptune: whom, if anyone, should we credit? [astronomy, Airy, Challis, Adams, scientific priority, LeVerrier, Galileo, Herschel, solar system] 1007. In which Annie Edson, no longer young, rides the the first barrel over Niagara [daredevils, Houdini, women] 1008. Who really were the discoverers of America before Columbus? [Madoc, Celtic, Celts, Welsh, Wales, Columbus, Vikings, exploration, John Dee, St. Brendan, legends, myths] 1009. The Golden Spike and the end of the American West [railroads, railways, Donner Party, Heinrich Lienhard] 1010. Can engineers write? [Thoreau, Hoover, Einstein, Paine, literacy, writing] 1011. A reflection on Fred Hoyle, von Buch, and scientific honors [science, France, Pasteur, Curie, Faraday, Bessel, Jacobi, Herschel, Gay-Lussac, Humboldt, science fiction, physics, Nobel Prize, chemistry] 1012. Why science must be experienced, not explained [entropy, thermodynamics, education, pedagogy, music, sports] 1013. Oliver Wendell Holmes, puerperal fever, and a wonderful shay [poetry, literature, medicine, childbirth, Semmelweis, abolition, law, death] 1014. Making war on disease: a tricky business [ecology, entomology, microbiology, plague, AIDS, medicine, Americas] 1015. Florey, Fleming, and penicillin: Who really gets the prize? [medicine, bacteriology, microbiology, pharmaceuticals, Nobel Prize, awards and honors, Pasteur, Chain, Porter] 1016: Designing cooling fins and designing engineers [heat transfer, Schmidt, Mayday, Duffin, mathematics] 1017: Thinking about balloons and radical change [computer information systems, electronic media, education, child psychology, Homo Transformandus] 1018. Medieval barns: a metaphor, worldly and spiritual [agriculture, religion, farming, Cistercians, metaphor, wood, Gothic architecture, stone, churches] 1019. Is the computer an agent that's dividing or uniting us? [information, electronic media, education, radio, TV, sociology, e-mail, internet] 1020. Hinman beats a flawed into an unexpected plowshare [literature, books, Shakespeare, librarianship, bombing, aerial warfare] 1021. In which the real Robinson Crusoe undercuts the myth [Selkirk, Defoe, literature, Mercantile economics, Chile] 1022. Greely gets the data: a survival story [Signal Corps, U.S. Weather Bureau, meteorology, Civil War, Albert Myers, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, arctic] 1023. Matthew Boulton makes Sheffield silver plate -- and steam engines [Watt, metalurgy, manufacturing, art] 1024. Redating paleolithic technologies backward in time [archaeology, paleontology, cloth, fabric, weaving, ceramics, clay, anthropology, toolmaking] 1025. In which Don Quixote says, "Facts are the enemy of truth." [Cervantes, literature, Man of La Mancha, statistical, Boltzman H-theorem, entropy, Second Law of Thermodynamics] 1026. Photographic firsts: an appetite that will not be fed [photography, flight, death, Mars] 1027. A cyclotron, an old manuscript, and an object lesson against overspecialization [library, incunabula, nuclear physics, ink, paper, manuscript books, forgery] 1028. In which Hoei-shin visits America in 499 AD [geography, ethnography, exploration, navigation, Columbus, Buddhism, China, Chinese, maguey] 1029. Streamlining, fashion, and the energy of pop culture [Paglia, fluid flow, Star Trek, sociology, travel] 1030. Walt Whitman, a fake butterfly, and the problem of matching appearance and reality [literature, Civil War, nurse, nursing, Sotheby, camera] 1031. The Antikythera mechanism -- a 2000 year old computer [Greece, Greek, Hellenistic, gears, gear teeth, planetarium, astronomy, sponge divers, shipping, astrolabe, archaeology, shipwrecks] 1032. Microwave oven: only half a promise fulfilled [watches, clocks, cooking, food, product acceptance] 1033. In which Army research on a killer ray creates a prize- winning child's toy [Meitner, aerodynamics, Shelton, Germany, WW-II, jet aircraft, a-bomb, chemical warfare, poison gas, vortex gun] 1034. Sing Sing prison: an ongoing early American experiment in penology [penal system, Lawes, jail] 1035. Martha Ballard: memoirs of an 18th century midwife [medicine, Colonial America, gynocology, obstetrics, women, pharmocology, abortion] 1036. Quoth the Raven: a surprising story of cooperation [zoology, ecology, sociology, sociobiology, Poe, poetry, Kropotkin, Darwinism] 1037. Rye ergot and witches, more widespread than we thought [medicine, witchcraft, pharmacy, agriculture, Salem, plague, Black Death, The Great Awakening, Kipling, psychology] 1038. Hero of Alexandria: freedom from control [Heron, Imperial Rome, Egypt, Hellenistic, mathematics, feedback control, do-loop, iterative solutions] 1039. Infallible texts encased in commentary [Nicholas de Lyra, printing, manuscripts, incunabula, Renaissance humanism, Luther's Bible, translation, Protestant Reformantion, Greece, interlinear gloss] 1040. Ancient Greece and Renaissance Europe: virtues and vices [Euripides, Parthenon freize, mummy, Medieval scholarship, Archaeology, Plato, Pythagoras, women, feminism, slavery] 1041. A Chinese pharmacopoeia -- 2000 years ago [medicine, pharmacy, diabetes, goiter, hormones, estrogen, androgens, anatomy, blood flow, Harvey, beriberi, Zahn, Wang, Katsoyannis, insulin, inoculation, smallpox, printing] 1042. Tiny type: shrinking writing down to atomic dimensions [microminiaturization, Feynman, data storage, Los Alamos, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, Ripley, pin] 1043. In which we worry about suffering a spontaneous atomic blast [nuclear waste disposal, Bowman, fission, atomic power, reactors, cross section, kinetics, politics, environment] 1044. Finding the largest Japanese submarine after 51 years -- 4,400 lb. of gold, 17,000 feet down [WW-II, Navy, oceanography, exploration, diving, photography] 1045. A lesson in engineering design on the sports pages [Americas Cup, sailing, sailboats, racing, basketball, Houston Rockets, NBA, marine engineering, CAD, New Zealand, computer aided design, fluid mechanics] 1046. The mind of Faraday and the merging of science and religion [electromagnetism, electromagnetics, electric field theory, Sandemanians] 1047. In which I question the dubious practice of ghost-writing [JFK, Kennedy, technical writing] 1048. Medieval machines in a 20th century hydraulics text [water wheels, water turbines, fluid mechanics, mathematics, Mercer's Museum, anthropology, engineering education] 1049. Hugh Miller: a fundamentalist radicalizes 19th century geology [Darwin, evolution, suicide, Bible, Genesis, mental illness] 1050. Our apelike ancestors grow a radiator to cool our brains [archaeology, anthropology, Australopithecus, missing link, heat transfer, intelligence, Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, anatomy, blood flow, women] 1051. A Conservation Laboratory keeps vanishing arts alive [Thompson, preservation, restoration, books, pigments, rag paper making, parchment, linen] 1052. In which wasps teach us to make paper from wood [rag paper, American Revolution, fibers, Schaffer, Reaumur] 1053. A grim portent for Earth itself: the demise of Easter Island [ecology, environment, Polynesian, anthropology, archaeology, Roggeveen,] 1054. In Praise of Bats [zoology, ecology, environment] 1055. Reflections on roller skates, roller blades, and stability [children, Wright Brothers, flight, bicycles, Rollerblades] 1056. Louis Agassiz: What is the measure of a Life? [naturalists, Harvard, biology, ethnography, ethnology, anthropology, evolution, racism, Darwin, Cuvier, Morgan] 1057. Too bad that Amelia Earhart didn't get to write poetry [women, flight, transportation, Snook, Lindbergh, Putnam] 1058. In which graphical displays rob us of the ability to visualize [computers, education, psychology, masons, social change] 1059. The computer invents itself -- despite our best efforts [Kilby, Noyce, IBM, Fairchild, Texas Instruments, INTEL, Integrated circuits, microprocessors, Babbage, chip, microcomputer, software, Dummar, DEC, innovation] 1060. Remembering the smell of gasoline [transportation, automobile, Art Nouveau, environment] 1061. Garden of Revelation: a hidden art of scraps and imagination [sculpture, Orange Show, Hampton, architecture, design, Watts Towers, Prisbrey, Isidore, Tawana] 1062. In which Charles Lindbergh decides who to be [transportation, ecology, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, flight, environment, Tasaday] 1063. The democratization of ice cream [food, sociology, women, dessert] 1064. Words: not always a helpful reduction of language [alphabet, linguistics, philology, Twain, speech, writing] 1065. Inventing the alphabet -- sowing progress and chaos [linguistics, language, writing, speech, Jaynes, cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Sumerian, Phoenicians, stoichiometry 1066. Three bridges, two fell and one stood: A parable about success and failure [Firth of Tay Bridge, Cooper, Bouch, Baker, Firth of Forth Bridge, Quebec Bridge, construction, design, civil engineering, cantilever] 1067. John Tyndall's reflections on science and religion [Faraday, spiritualism, planchette, Scientific American, prayer, miracles, cosmology] 1068. On trying to copy nature -- harder than you might think [biomimetics, wheels, locomotion, flight, ornithopters, engineering design, chemistry, paper, ink, spider webs] 1069. Spider webs and all they offer us -- if we could only replicate them [cobwebs, silk, materials science] 1070. "Wrong Way Corrigan" -- a last bit of fun before WW-II [transatlantic flight, Lindbergh, radio, airplanes] 1071. A biology teacher gets fresh Turtle Eggs to Louis Agassiz 1072. Of Dice and Death: Writing the theory of probability [Todhunter, Pascal, Fermat, Bernoulli, Leibnitz, Huygens, Kepler, indeterminism, chaos, lottery] 1073. In which I live to see the Third Millenium -- sooner than I'd thought [Jesus' birth, calendar, Caesar, Gregory] 1074. Imhotep, the first real person in recorded history [Egypt, Zoser, pyramids, medicine, architecture, Asclepios] 1075. Tobacco: Montezuma's real revenge [agriculture, smoking, nicotine, addiction, Beaumont, Lamb, Wordsworth, disease, Native Americans, sugar, slavery, Indians, Native Americans] 1076. Slave Inventors and question, "Who owns an idea?" [Davis, Stewart, Ned, Montgomery, patents, Donne, invention, Black, propellors, cotton] 1077. Of harpoons and coffins: Moby Dick and Black equity in the whaling business [Melville, whales, fishing, Douglass, Temple, New Bedford, Nantucket, ships] 1078. Thoroughbreds designed by a committee: The Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the King James Bible [Jefferson, cooperation, Chesterton, literature] 1079. Thinking without words [invention, psychology, James, Feynman, visualization, nonverbal thinking] 1080. Food in the old Republic of Texas ("The Republic of Porkdom") [Houston, Santa Anna, nutrition, health, corn, diet] 1081. Paradoxes: "Skeletons in the closet of reason" [mathematics, logic, philosophy, Unexpected Hanging] 1082. The last shall be first: steam turbines and cuneiform [cuneiform, CD-ROM, computers, power, Mingwo, China, Jesuits, steam engines, communications] 1083. Pierre Lallement, one of many who invented the bicycle [transportation, Michaux, velocipede, invention, priority] 1084. Jouffroy's steamboat -- 24 years before Fulton [d'Auxiron, transportation, ships, France, Newcomen engine] 1085. The first American steam engine [Newcomen, Schuyler, power, Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Hornblower, copper mining, American Revolution] 1086. Aztec obsidian, too good to give up [Native Americans, Indians, materials science, glass, tools, blades, warfare, hydration dating, anthropology, stone age] 1087. Aluminum: from a precious metal to a cheap structural material [Hall, metallurgy, electrolysis, Alcoa] 1088. Housework: In which work doesn't exactly expand to fill the time [sociology, health, medicine, domestic science, home makers] 1089. A museum guard talks to me about art and creativity 1090. In which Edgar Allen Poe writes about conchology [Cuvier, mollusks, shells, snails, paleontology, Gould, biology, literature, Wyatt, Brown, Mizner, Goldsmith] 1091. Balloon Bombs -- the Japanese secret weapon [aerial war, atomic bomb, forensic geology, diatoms] 1092. The unrelenting search for Buck Rogers' rocket belt [science fiction, war, military, jet propulsion, travel, flight, Dickens, airplanes] 1093. The sad tale of Eads' great bridge and caissons disease [civil engineering, construction, the bends, medicine, scuba diving, piers, foundations, diving bells, Civil War] 1094. Mesa Verde: Another civilization abandonded at its peak [Native Americans, Anasazi, Indians, pueblos, anthropology, architecture, cliff houses] 1095. The lesion within: Medicine learns look inside the human body [X-rays, stethoscopes, dissection, holistic, anatomy, Morgagni, Roentgen, embolism, Laennec] 1096. Ktesibios invention of the pipe organ in the 3rd century BC [music, Hellenistic, water clock, St. Augustine, theology] 1097. A surprising answer to the question, "How much risk is really acceptable to us?" [safety, probability] 1098. In which we try to decide who really invented the telephone [Bell, Bourseul, Reis, Gray, communication, telecommunication] 1099. Henry Robert: a civil engineer creates order at meetings. [Robert's Rules of Order, Galveston, parliamentary procedure, sea wall, hurricane of 1900] 1100. In which 16th century physicians turn alchemy into modern chemistry [Paracelsus, Boyle, medicine, urinalysis, blood, chemical analysis] 1101. A Roman engineer's not-quite-right idea for moving a pedestal [Vitruvius, construction, masonry, Paconius, Rome] 1102. One meteorite too many spells trouble for Earth [astronomy, bolides, Curuca, Tunguska, Brazil, catastrophes] 1103. How We Die: A surgeon comes to terms with death [medicine, mortality, dying, Nuland, cancer, AIDS, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, psychology, Jefferson, Adams] 1104: Nobel, The Baroness von Suttner, and the Peace Prize [dynamite, Kinsky, Nobel Prizes, women] 1105: Mary Roberts: The frustration of a 19th century woman scientist [biology, conchology, mollusks, creationism, religion, Buckley, Gould, women] 1106. A mutant is given a message by the last aborigines down under [anthropology, religion, medicine, Australia, sociology] 1107. In which we call ourselves engineers, for the last 200 years [America, France, education, Ecole Polytechnique, Napoleon, civil engineering, West Point, Rensselaer, Perronet] 1108. 100,000,000 land mines -- killing off civilians in perpetuity [war, military, arms] 1109. The first technology -- the one that defines us [stone age, anthropology, archaeology, tool making] 1110. Origami: Where there is paper, it will be folded [spatial visualization, education] 1111. Reading the symbolic content of the numbers 1 through 10 [mathematics, arithmetic, education, golden section] 1112. Rene Dubos asks "What makes us human?" [anthropology, civilization, Johnson, apes, language, technology, linguistics, wild child of Aveyron] 1113. How can we talk to our children about mathematics? [education, sociology] 1114. Al Gore's metaphor of distributed intelligence [education, parallel processing, super-computers, sociology, personal computers] 1115. New York Library's selection of the Books of the Century [literature, censorship, intellectual freedom] 1116. Revisiting a 1970 attack on the Interstate Highway System [civil engineering, Bureau of Public roads, railways, Federal Government, Eisenhower, ecology, environment] 1117. Searching out the early history of treating wounds [medicine, anthropology, archeology, sutures, trepanning, tourniquets, Jeremiah, Code of Hamurabi, surgery] 1118. What in the world did we let happen to nuclear power? [federal regulation, fossil fuels, solar energy, safety] 1119. Lee's Priceless Recipes: How to make everything from lipstick to dynamite [cosmetics, drugs, pharmacy, explosives, chemical processes, ice cream, scruples] 1120. George Cayley fathers modern aerodynamics in 1809 [flight, transportation, lift, drag, steam power, airfoils, Wright brothers, Newton, dimensional analysis, gliders, similitude, streamlining] 1121. How farming came to Europe 8000 years ago [paleolithic, pottery, ceramics, agriculture, plow, Danube] 1122. Getting rid of old offshore oil platforms -- and other old technologies [environment, ecology, recycling, fish habitats, artificial reefs, marine exploration] 1123. Whiplash: Why doesn't it exist in Lithuania? [lawsuit, legal, medicine, automobile, insurance] 1124. Pythagoras' Trousers: How physics and the priesthood are reopening to women [gender, mathematics, religion, Hawking, Lederman, Greece] 1125. The Visible Man: An executed convict is brought back to life on the internet [anatomy, physiology, electronic information, medicine, capitol punishment] 1126. An academic hoax: When we let our words get too complicated [post modern deconstructionism, art criticism, physics] 1127. Why Germany didn't make an atomic bomb during WW-II [Heisenberg, Meitner, Frisch, collision cross section, critical mass, uranium, U-235, nuclear fission, chain reactions, neutron] 1128. Of whales and elephants: a remarkable convergence of attributes [biology, ecology, ecosystem, environment, acoustics, animal communication, zoology] 1129. In which Alphonse Penaud invents the model airplane [psychology, flight, depression, suicide, aerodynamics, dyslexia, Giffard, helicopter, Wright brothers] 1130. The Zafiro Producer: combination off-shore platform and tanker [oil drilling, ships, shipping, fuel, recycling] 1131. John Hunter: idiosyncratic medical pioneer [medicine, syphilis, surgery, anatomy, inflammation, Reynolds, angina, fibroblast, Ehrlich] 1132. In which balloons deliver the mail during the Siege of Paris [flight, military, reconnaissance, carrier pigeons, postal, Civil War, Franco-Prussian War, Lincoln] 1133. Of Lucille Treganowan and automobile transmission repair [transportation, cars, automotive mechanics, women] 1134. Linear A and Linear B: Decoding the old Minoan scripts [linguistics, syllabic writing, archaeology, Greece, Homer Evans, Ventris, hieroglyphs, clay tablets] 1135. Trying to hold a river that doesn't want to be held [Mississippi delta, Atchafalaya, flood control, Louisiana, silt, New Orleans, Baton Rouge, civil engineering] 1136. Of ballet and basketball: finding the limits of body and mind [athletics, arts, dance, Parker, Stevenson, medicine, sports physiology, psychology] 1137. America goes to the first modern Olympic Games [athletics, track and field, Greece] 1138. Texas City, Roseburg, World Trade Center, Oklahoma City: a story of fertilizer and cigarettes [industrial safety, terrorism, chemistry, logging] 1139. The Wounded Story Teller recovers from illness [medicine, psychology] 1140. Tents: a very old and very modern architecture [membrane construction] 1141. Tipping points in human affairs: in disease, crime, and education [stability, constrained equilibrium, epidemiology, law enforcement, psychology, mathematics] 1142. The accumulation of empirical data in the legends of flight [Daedalus, Icarus, Firman, Firnas, William of Malmesbury, Eilmer, Wright Brothers, aerodynamics] 1143. Shakespeare's long-standing fascination with medicine 1144. A Fokker D-VII mysteriously lands on an Allied airstrip [air war, flight, WW-I, heraldry, von Beaulieu-Marconnay] 1145. Jacquard, Babbage, Hollerith, IBM: from weaving to computers [textiles, census, analytical engine] 1146. Early Massachussets: a cultural beachhead, not yet a new country [water wheels, fulling mills, Atheneaum, Colonial America, education, land grant colleges, pioneers] 1147. Points-Off thinking: a damaging force in education and sports [Olympics, psychology, teaching, gymnastics, motivation] 1148. 1846: Origin of the Smithsonian Institution in a momentous year [Adams, Agassiz, science, imperialism, Mexican-American War, California, Heinrich Lienhard, the American West, Rilleaux, Howe, museums] 1149. Heat Transfer Conference ("Wherever there's a thermal gradient") [temperature, diamond, heat conduction, heat radiation, freezing, heating, cooling] 1150. Arguing racism: Time for rational, rather than moral, arguments [Darwin, genetics, geography, Bible, Adam and Eve, creation, Anthropology] 1151. How many people can Earth sustain -- in better than misery? [demographics, van Leeuwenhoek, population dynamics, Catholic church, famine, education, women] 1152. Macbeth, populism, and insanity [drama, Shakespeare, theatre, psychology] 1153. Grosseteste, Bacon, and the rise of realism [geometry, three-dimensions, art, virtual reality, St. Francis of Assisi, Renaissance, cyberspace] 1154. In which Adam's navel poses the question of pre-creation history [evolution, fossils, art, Darwin, Ompholos, Gosse, geology, hippopotamus, anthropology] 1155. How would Thorstein Veblen do in the information age? [communism, McCarthy, computers, materiel] 1156. We mirror machine mirrors we mirror machine mirrors we ... [computers, electronic computation, automobiles] 1157. Merchandizing Windows 95 and the Ford Model A [software, automobile, Model T, marketing, sales] 1158. The Crystal Palace, the 1851 exhibition, and Victorian art [Paxton, Queen Victoria, Brunel, design, Impressionists, architecture] 1159. In which Nevil Shute looks at the ordeal of aerial bombing [literature, war, military, air power, WW-II] 1160. The technology of death: We are hard to kill. [medicine, war, medical ethics, armaments] 1161. An old Roman mill tells about the acceptance of technology [water wheels, horse power, grinding grain, slavery] 1162. Systems: Much more than the sum of their parts [design, Gaia, ecology, automobiles] 1163. To build a better mousetrap -- that people will use [snap trap, Mast, marketplace, design, animal cruelty] 1164. Why Things Bite Back: The Revenge Effect [design, medicine, medical technology, computers, systems] 1165. Benjamin Thompson/Count Rumford and the conservation of energy [heat, American Revolution, Lavoisier, thermodynamics, remake of Engines Episode 4.] 1166. Searching for the historical Josquin Desprez [music history, renaissance polyphony, Ockeghem, mass] 1167. Machiavelli's attempt to make objective science of statecraft [political science, Leonardo da Vinci] ************************************************************************* NOTICE: Copyright (c) 1988-1995 John Lienhard all rights re- served. (Portions are copyrighted by other authors.) Direct inquiries to: Prof. John H. Lienhard Mechanical Engineering Dept. University of Houston Houston, Texas 77204-4792 e-mail: engines@uh.edu BACKGROUND: The Engines of Our Ingenuity is a week-daily National Public Radio featurette. It was first aired on member station KUHF Houston on Jan. 4, 1988. It was made available nationally, three months later. As of Sept. 26 1996, 1167 new episodes had been aired. The producers of the show have been Don Ham during 1988, Ron Russak until Oct., 1994, Rick Nelson until the Fall of 1995, and Capella Tucker thereafter. The show is available without charge to Public Radio Stations by NPR satellite feed. Engines airs in Houston, Texas on KUHF-FM 88.7 at 7:35 AM and 3:55 PM, Monday through Friday. .